Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)

Carlos Alberti; Frank Hase; Matthias Frey; Darko Dubravica; Thomas Blumenstock; Angelika Dehn; Paolo Castracane; Gregor Surawicz; Roland Harig; Bianca C. Baier; Caroline Bès; Jianrong Bi; Hartmut Boesch; André Butz; Zhaonan Cai; Jia Chen; Sean M. Crowell; Nicholas M. Deutscher; Dragos Ene; Jonathan E. Franklin; Omaira García; David Griffith; Bruno Grouiez; Michel Grutter; Abdelhamid Hamdouni; Sander Houweling; Neil Humpage; Nicole Jacobs; Sujong Jeong; Lilian Joly; Nicholas B. Jones; Denis Jouglet; Rigel Kivi; Ralph Kleinschek; Morgan Lopez; Diogo J. Medeiros; Isamu Morino; Nasrin Mostafavipak; Astrid Müller; Hirofumi Ohyama; Paul I. Palmer; Mahesh Pathakoti; David F. Pollard; Uwe Raffalski; Michel Ramonet; Robbie Ramsay; Mahesh Kumar Sha; Kei Shiomi; William Simpson; Wolfgang Stremme; Youwen Sun; Hiroshi Tanimoto; Yao Té; Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu; Voltaire A. Velazco; Felix Vogel; Masataka Watanabe; Chong Wei; Debra Wunch; Marcia Yamasoe; Lu Zhang; Johannes Orphal

doi:10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022

Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)

Carlos Alberti^*
, Frank Hase
, Matthias Frey
, Darko Dubravica
, Thomas Blumenstock
, Angelika Dehn
, Paolo Castracane
, Gregor Surawicz
, Roland Harig
, Bianca C. Baier
, Caroline Bès
, Jianrong Bi
, Hartmut Boesch
, André Butz
, Zhaonan Cai
, Jia Chen
, Sean M. Crowell
, Nicholas M. Deutscher
, Dragos Ene
, Jonathan E. Franklin

Omaira García, David Griffith, Bruno Grouiez, Michel Grutter, Abdelhamid Hamdouni, Sander Houweling, Neil Humpage, Nicole Jacobs, Sujong Jeong, Lilian Joly, Nicholas B. Jones, Denis Jouglet, Rigel Kivi, Ralph Kleinschek, Morgan Lopez, Diogo J. Medeiros, Isamu Morino, Nasrin Mostafavipak, Astrid Müller, Hirofumi Ohyama, Paul I. Palmer, Mahesh Pathakoti, David F. Pollard, Uwe Raffalski, Michel Ramonet, Robbie Ramsay, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Kei Shiomi, William Simpson, Wolfgang Stremme, Youwen Sun, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Yao Té, Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu, Voltaire A. Velazco, Felix Vogel, Masataka Watanabe, Chong Wei, Debra Wunch, Marcia Yamasoe, Lu Zhang, Johannes Orphal

^*Corresponding author for this work

Earth Sciences

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

In this study, an extension on the previously reported status of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network's (COCCON) calibration procedures incorporating refined methods is presented. COCCON is a global network of portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometers for deriving column-averaged atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases. The original laboratory open-path lamp measurements for deriving the instrumental line shape (ILS) of the spectrometer from water vapour lines have been refined and extended to the secondary detector channel incorporated in the EM27/SUN spectrometer for detection of carbon monoxide (CO). The refinements encompass improved spectroscopic line lists for the relevant water lines and a revision of the laboratory pressure measurements used for the analysis of the spectra. The new results are found to be in good agreement with those reported by Frey et al. (2019) and discussed in detail. In addition, a new calibration cell for ILS measurements was designed, constructed and put into service. Spectrometers calibrated since January 2020 were tested using both methods for ILS characterization, open-path (OP) and cell measurements. We demonstrate that both methods can detect the small variations in ILS characteristics between different spectrometers, but the results of the cell method indicate a systematic bias of the OP method. Finally, a revision and extension of the COCCON network instrument-to-instrument calibration factors for XCO2, XCO and XCH4 is presented, incorporating 47 new spectrometers (of 83 in total by now). This calibration is based on the reference EM27/SUN spectrometer operated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and spectra collected by the collocated TCCON station Karlsruhe. Variations in the instrumental characteristics of the reference EM27/SUN from 2014 to 2017 were detected, probably arising from realignment and the dual-channel upgrade performed in early 2018. These variations are considered in the evaluation of the instrument-specific calibration factors in order to keep all tabulated calibration results consistent.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2433-2463
Number of pages	31
Journal	Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Volume	15
Issue number	8
Early online date	22 Apr 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022
Publication status	Published - 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The initial development and further improvements of the PROFFAST code are supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of the COCCON-PROCEEDS project. The code aims at efficient analysis of greenhouse gases from ground-based near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Together with the pre-processing code PREPROCESS, it forms the data analysis chain of COCCON. The code is open source and freely available. It performs least-squares fitting of the spectra by adjusting scaling factors on the a priori profiles of the trace gases and auxiliary parameters. It is important in the context of this work that PROFFAST is capable of taking into account the ILS parameters as determined by the open-path measurements. If this information is neglected, additional scatter between the atmospheric trace gas results achieved with different spectrometers would result, and different gas-specific empirical calibration factors would result from the side-by-side solar observations for each spectrometer (these factors are reported in Sect. 6.2). Additional information on the code is provided by Frey et al. (2021) and Sha et al. (2020).

Funding Information:
Acknowledgement. We thank Martin Kohler for providing the meteorological data sets from IMK-TRO’s tower. Dragos Ene wants to acknowledge the Romanian National Core Program (contract no. 18N/2019) for funding his activities. Diogo J. Medeiros acknowledges the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (grant 2019/27079-2). The Wollongong team want to acknowledge the Australian Research Council (ARC) for supporting their activities under the grants DP160101598 and LE0668470.

Funding Information:
Financial support. This research has been supported by

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Carlos Alberti et al.

Funding

The initial development and further improvements of the PROFFAST code are supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of the COCCON-PROCEEDS project. The code aims at efficient analysis of greenhouse gases from ground-based near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Together with the pre-processing code PREPROCESS, it forms the data analysis chain of COCCON. The code is open source and freely available. It performs least-squares fitting of the spectra by adjusting scaling factors on the a priori profiles of the trace gases and auxiliary parameters. It is important in the context of this work that PROFFAST is capable of taking into account the ILS parameters as determined by the open-path measurements. If this information is neglected, additional scatter between the atmospheric trace gas results achieved with different spectrometers would result, and different gas-specific empirical calibration factors would result from the side-by-side solar observations for each spectrometer (these factors are reported in Sect. 6.2). Additional information on the code is provided by Frey et al. (2021) and Sha et al. (2020). Acknowledgement. We thank Martin Kohler for providing the meteorological data sets from IMK-TRO’s tower. Dragos Ene wants to acknowledge the Romanian National Core Program (contract no. 18N/2019) for funding his activities. Diogo J. Medeiros acknowledges the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (grant 2019/27079-2). The Wollongong team want to acknowledge the Australian Research Council (ARC) for supporting their activities under the grants DP160101598 and LE0668470. Financial support. This research has been supported by

Funders	Funder number
European Space Agency
COCCON-PROCEEDS	4000136108/21/I-DT-lr, FRM4GHG 2.0, 4000121212/17/I-EF, 4000128426/19/NL/FF/ab
Romanian National Core Program	18N/2019
Australian Research Council	LE0668470, DP160101598
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo	2019/27079-2
Natural Environment Research Council	NE/S013385/1

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Alberti, C., Hase, F., Frey, M., Dubravica, D., Blumenstock, T., Dehn, A., Castracane, P., Surawicz, G., Harig, R., Baier, B. C., Bès, C., Bi, J., Boesch, H., Butz, A., Cai, Z., Chen, J., Crowell, S. M., Deutscher, N. M., Ene, D., ... Orphal, J. (2022). Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON). Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 15(8), 2433-2463. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022

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title = "Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)",

abstract = "In this study, an extension on the previously reported status of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network's (COCCON) calibration procedures incorporating refined methods is presented. COCCON is a global network of portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometers for deriving column-averaged atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases. The original laboratory open-path lamp measurements for deriving the instrumental line shape (ILS) of the spectrometer from water vapour lines have been refined and extended to the secondary detector channel incorporated in the EM27/SUN spectrometer for detection of carbon monoxide (CO). The refinements encompass improved spectroscopic line lists for the relevant water lines and a revision of the laboratory pressure measurements used for the analysis of the spectra. The new results are found to be in good agreement with those reported by Frey et al. (2019) and discussed in detail. In addition, a new calibration cell for ILS measurements was designed, constructed and put into service. Spectrometers calibrated since January 2020 were tested using both methods for ILS characterization, open-path (OP) and cell measurements. We demonstrate that both methods can detect the small variations in ILS characteristics between different spectrometers, but the results of the cell method indicate a systematic bias of the OP method. Finally, a revision and extension of the COCCON network instrument-to-instrument calibration factors for XCO2, XCO and XCH4 is presented, incorporating 47 new spectrometers (of 83 in total by now). This calibration is based on the reference EM27/SUN spectrometer operated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and spectra collected by the collocated TCCON station Karlsruhe. Variations in the instrumental characteristics of the reference EM27/SUN from 2014 to 2017 were detected, probably arising from realignment and the dual-channel upgrade performed in early 2018. These variations are considered in the evaluation of the instrument-specific calibration factors in order to keep all tabulated calibration results consistent.",

author = "Carlos Alberti and Frank Hase and Matthias Frey and Darko Dubravica and Thomas Blumenstock and Angelika Dehn and Paolo Castracane and Gregor Surawicz and Roland Harig and Baier, \{Bianca C.\} and Caroline B{\`e}s and Jianrong Bi and Hartmut Boesch and Andr{\'e} Butz and Zhaonan Cai and Jia Chen and Crowell, \{Sean M.\} and Deutscher, \{Nicholas M.\} and Dragos Ene and Franklin, \{Jonathan E.\} and Omaira Garc{\'i}a and David Griffith and Bruno Grouiez and Michel Grutter and Abdelhamid Hamdouni and Sander Houweling and Neil Humpage and Nicole Jacobs and Sujong Jeong and Lilian Joly and Jones, \{Nicholas B.\} and Denis Jouglet and Rigel Kivi and Ralph Kleinschek and Morgan Lopez and Medeiros, \{Diogo J.\} and Isamu Morino and Nasrin Mostafavipak and Astrid M{\"u}ller and Hirofumi Ohyama and Palmer, \{Paul I.\} and Mahesh Pathakoti and Pollard, \{David F.\} and Uwe Raffalski and Michel Ramonet and Robbie Ramsay and Sha, \{Mahesh Kumar\} and Kei Shiomi and William Simpson and Wolfgang Stremme and Youwen Sun and Hiroshi Tanimoto and Yao T{\'e} and Tsidu, \{Gizaw Mengistu\} and Velazco, \{Voltaire A.\} and Felix Vogel and Masataka Watanabe and Chong Wei and Debra Wunch and Marcia Yamasoe and Lu Zhang and Johannes Orphal",

note = "Funding Information: The initial development and further improvements of the PROFFAST code are supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of the COCCON-PROCEEDS project. The code aims at efficient analysis of greenhouse gases from ground-based near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Together with the pre-processing code PREPROCESS, it forms the data analysis chain of COCCON. The code is open source and freely available. It performs least-squares fitting of the spectra by adjusting scaling factors on the a priori profiles of the trace gases and auxiliary parameters. It is important in the context of this work that PROFFAST is capable of taking into account the ILS parameters as determined by the open-path measurements. If this information is neglected, additional scatter between the atmospheric trace gas results achieved with different spectrometers would result, and different gas-specific empirical calibration factors would result from the side-by-side solar observations for each spectrometer (these factors are reported in Sect. 6.2). Additional information on the code is provided by Frey et al. (2021) and Sha et al. (2020). Funding Information: Acknowledgement. We thank Martin Kohler for providing the meteorological data sets from IMK-TRO{\textquoteright}s tower. Dragos Ene wants to acknowledge the Romanian National Core Program (contract no. 18N/2019) for funding his activities. Diogo J. Medeiros acknowledges the S{\~a}o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (grant 2019/27079-2). The Wollongong team want to acknowledge the Australian Research Council (ARC) for supporting their activities under the grants DP160101598 and LE0668470. Funding Information: Financial support. This research has been supported by Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Carlos Alberti et al.",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

pages = "2433--2463",

journal = "Atmospheric Measurement Techniques",

issn = "1867-1381",

publisher = "Copernicus Publications",

number = "8",

}

Alberti, C, Hase, F, Frey, M, Dubravica, D, Blumenstock, T, Dehn, A, Castracane, P, Surawicz, G, Harig, R, Baier, BC, Bès, C, Bi, J, Boesch, H, Butz, A, Cai, Z, Chen, J, Crowell, SM, Deutscher, NM, Ene, D, Franklin, JE, García, O, Griffith, D, Grouiez, B, Grutter, M, Hamdouni, A, Houweling, S, Humpage, N, Jacobs, N, Jeong, S, Joly, L, Jones, NB, Jouglet, D, Kivi, R, Kleinschek, R, Lopez, M, Medeiros, DJ, Morino, I, Mostafavipak, N, Müller, A, Ohyama, H, Palmer, PI, Pathakoti, M, Pollard, DF, Raffalski, U, Ramonet, M, Ramsay, R, Sha, MK, Shiomi, K, Simpson, W, Stremme, W, Sun, Y, Tanimoto, H, Té, Y, Tsidu, GM, Velazco, VA, Vogel, F, Watanabe, M, Wei, C, Wunch, D, Yamasoe, M, Zhang, L & Orphal, J 2022, 'Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)', Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 2433-2463. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022

TY - JOUR

T1 - Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)

AU - Alberti, Carlos

AU - Hase, Frank

AU - Frey, Matthias

AU - Dubravica, Darko

AU - Blumenstock, Thomas

AU - Dehn, Angelika

AU - Castracane, Paolo

AU - Surawicz, Gregor

AU - Harig, Roland

AU - Baier, Bianca C.

AU - Bès, Caroline

AU - Bi, Jianrong

AU - Boesch, Hartmut

AU - Butz, André

AU - Cai, Zhaonan

AU - Chen, Jia

AU - Crowell, Sean M.

AU - Deutscher, Nicholas M.

AU - Ene, Dragos

AU - Franklin, Jonathan E.

AU - García, Omaira

AU - Griffith, David

AU - Grouiez, Bruno

AU - Grutter, Michel

AU - Hamdouni, Abdelhamid

AU - Houweling, Sander

AU - Humpage, Neil

AU - Jacobs, Nicole

AU - Jeong, Sujong

AU - Joly, Lilian

AU - Jones, Nicholas B.

AU - Jouglet, Denis

AU - Kivi, Rigel

AU - Kleinschek, Ralph

AU - Lopez, Morgan

AU - Medeiros, Diogo J.

AU - Morino, Isamu

AU - Mostafavipak, Nasrin

AU - Müller, Astrid

AU - Ohyama, Hirofumi

AU - Palmer, Paul I.

AU - Pathakoti, Mahesh

AU - Pollard, David F.

AU - Raffalski, Uwe

AU - Ramonet, Michel

AU - Ramsay, Robbie

AU - Sha, Mahesh Kumar

AU - Shiomi, Kei

AU - Simpson, William

AU - Stremme, Wolfgang

AU - Sun, Youwen

AU - Tanimoto, Hiroshi

AU - Té, Yao

AU - Tsidu, Gizaw Mengistu

AU - Velazco, Voltaire A.

AU - Vogel, Felix

AU - Watanabe, Masataka

AU - Wei, Chong

AU - Wunch, Debra

AU - Yamasoe, Marcia

AU - Zhang, Lu

AU - Orphal, Johannes

N1 - Funding Information: The initial development and further improvements of the PROFFAST code are supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of the COCCON-PROCEEDS project. The code aims at efficient analysis of greenhouse gases from ground-based near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Together with the pre-processing code PREPROCESS, it forms the data analysis chain of COCCON. The code is open source and freely available. It performs least-squares fitting of the spectra by adjusting scaling factors on the a priori profiles of the trace gases and auxiliary parameters. It is important in the context of this work that PROFFAST is capable of taking into account the ILS parameters as determined by the open-path measurements. If this information is neglected, additional scatter between the atmospheric trace gas results achieved with different spectrometers would result, and different gas-specific empirical calibration factors would result from the side-by-side solar observations for each spectrometer (these factors are reported in Sect. 6.2). Additional information on the code is provided by Frey et al. (2021) and Sha et al. (2020). Funding Information: Acknowledgement. We thank Martin Kohler for providing the meteorological data sets from IMK-TRO’s tower. Dragos Ene wants to acknowledge the Romanian National Core Program (contract no. 18N/2019) for funding his activities. Diogo J. Medeiros acknowledges the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (grant 2019/27079-2). The Wollongong team want to acknowledge the Australian Research Council (ARC) for supporting their activities under the grants DP160101598 and LE0668470. Funding Information: Financial support. This research has been supported by Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Carlos Alberti et al.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - In this study, an extension on the previously reported status of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network's (COCCON) calibration procedures incorporating refined methods is presented. COCCON is a global network of portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometers for deriving column-averaged atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases. The original laboratory open-path lamp measurements for deriving the instrumental line shape (ILS) of the spectrometer from water vapour lines have been refined and extended to the secondary detector channel incorporated in the EM27/SUN spectrometer for detection of carbon monoxide (CO). The refinements encompass improved spectroscopic line lists for the relevant water lines and a revision of the laboratory pressure measurements used for the analysis of the spectra. The new results are found to be in good agreement with those reported by Frey et al. (2019) and discussed in detail. In addition, a new calibration cell for ILS measurements was designed, constructed and put into service. Spectrometers calibrated since January 2020 were tested using both methods for ILS characterization, open-path (OP) and cell measurements. We demonstrate that both methods can detect the small variations in ILS characteristics between different spectrometers, but the results of the cell method indicate a systematic bias of the OP method. Finally, a revision and extension of the COCCON network instrument-to-instrument calibration factors for XCO2, XCO and XCH4 is presented, incorporating 47 new spectrometers (of 83 in total by now). This calibration is based on the reference EM27/SUN spectrometer operated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and spectra collected by the collocated TCCON station Karlsruhe. Variations in the instrumental characteristics of the reference EM27/SUN from 2014 to 2017 were detected, probably arising from realignment and the dual-channel upgrade performed in early 2018. These variations are considered in the evaluation of the instrument-specific calibration factors in order to keep all tabulated calibration results consistent.

AB - In this study, an extension on the previously reported status of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network's (COCCON) calibration procedures incorporating refined methods is presented. COCCON is a global network of portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometers for deriving column-averaged atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases. The original laboratory open-path lamp measurements for deriving the instrumental line shape (ILS) of the spectrometer from water vapour lines have been refined and extended to the secondary detector channel incorporated in the EM27/SUN spectrometer for detection of carbon monoxide (CO). The refinements encompass improved spectroscopic line lists for the relevant water lines and a revision of the laboratory pressure measurements used for the analysis of the spectra. The new results are found to be in good agreement with those reported by Frey et al. (2019) and discussed in detail. In addition, a new calibration cell for ILS measurements was designed, constructed and put into service. Spectrometers calibrated since January 2020 were tested using both methods for ILS characterization, open-path (OP) and cell measurements. We demonstrate that both methods can detect the small variations in ILS characteristics between different spectrometers, but the results of the cell method indicate a systematic bias of the OP method. Finally, a revision and extension of the COCCON network instrument-to-instrument calibration factors for XCO2, XCO and XCH4 is presented, incorporating 47 new spectrometers (of 83 in total by now). This calibration is based on the reference EM27/SUN spectrometer operated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and spectra collected by the collocated TCCON station Karlsruhe. Variations in the instrumental characteristics of the reference EM27/SUN from 2014 to 2017 were detected, probably arising from realignment and the dual-channel upgrade performed in early 2018. These variations are considered in the evaluation of the instrument-specific calibration factors in order to keep all tabulated calibration results consistent.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85129053672

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85129053672#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022

DO - 10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85129053672

SN - 1867-1381

VL - 15

SP - 2433

EP - 2463

JO - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

JF - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

IS - 8

ER -

Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)

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