TY - JOUR
T1 - In Vitro Human Metabolism of the Flame Retardant Resorcinol Bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP)
AU - Ballesteros-Gomez, A.M.
AU - Van den Eede, N.
AU - Covaci, A.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP) is widely used as a flame retardant in electrical/electronic products and constitutes a suitable alternative to decabrominated diphenyl ether. Due to its toxicity and its recently reported ubiquity in electronics and house dust, there are increasing concerns about human exposure to this emerging contaminant. With the aim of identifying human-specific biomarkers, the in vitro metabolism of RDP and its oligomers was investigated using human liver microsomes and human liver cytosol. Mono- and dihydroxy-metabolites, together with glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites, were detected. Regarding RDP oligomers, only a hydroxy-metabolite of the dimer could be detected. RDP and its oligomers were also readily hydrolyzed, giving rise to a variety of compounds, such as diphenyl phosphate, para-hydroxy-triphenyl phosphate, and para-hydroxy RDP, which were further metabolized. These degradation products or impurities are possibly of environmental importance in future studies.
AB - Resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP) is widely used as a flame retardant in electrical/electronic products and constitutes a suitable alternative to decabrominated diphenyl ether. Due to its toxicity and its recently reported ubiquity in electronics and house dust, there are increasing concerns about human exposure to this emerging contaminant. With the aim of identifying human-specific biomarkers, the in vitro metabolism of RDP and its oligomers was investigated using human liver microsomes and human liver cytosol. Mono- and dihydroxy-metabolites, together with glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites, were detected. Regarding RDP oligomers, only a hydroxy-metabolite of the dimer could be detected. RDP and its oligomers were also readily hydrolyzed, giving rise to a variety of compounds, such as diphenyl phosphate, para-hydroxy-triphenyl phosphate, and para-hydroxy RDP, which were further metabolized. These degradation products or impurities are possibly of environmental importance in future studies.
U2 - 10.1021/es505857e
DO - 10.1021/es505857e
M3 - Article
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 49
SP - 3897
EP - 3904
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
ER -