Abstract
Background: Several typologies have proposed two etiological pathways involved in the development of alcohol misuse which are associated with the internalizing and externalizing domains of psychopathology, respectively. This study's aim was to investigate this typology in a young adult sample, and test whether drinking motives, specifically drinking for negative or positive reinforcement, may provide a plausible mechanism characterizing these pathways. Method: Mixture modeling was conducted on a set of internalizing (anxiety, depression, neuroticism), externalizing (antisocial behavior, conscientiousness, sensation seeking, drug use), and alcohol misuse items (binge drinking, alcohol use disorder symptoms [AUDsx]) measured by self-report in a sample of 9,807 college students. Linear regression and chi-square tests were used to determine how latent class membership was associated with drinking motives, demographics, and personality characteristics. Results: The model identified 3 latent classes: a Low Risk class (70%), an Internalizing class (19%) with elevated levels of internalizing traits/symptoms and AUDsx, and an Externalizing class (10%) with elevated levels of externalizing traits/symptoms and both binge drinking and AUDsx. All drinking motives were substantially elevated in the Internalizing and Externalizing (vs Low Risk) classes (p < 3.0E-10), while positive reinforcement motives were specifically elevated in the Externalizing (vs Internalizing) class (p < 2.0E-55). Personality comparisons further emphasized the relevance of class distinctions. Conclusions: These findings provide additional support for both a specific internalizing and a broadband externalizing association with subtypes of alcohol misuse. Drinking motives may be useful intermediate indicators of these different risk processes.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 107461 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1-8 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Addictive Behaviors |
| Volume | 136 |
| Early online date | 27 Aug 2022 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Spit for Science has been supported by Virginia Commonwealth University, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (Grants P20 AA017828, R37AA011408, K02AA018755, P50 AA022537, and K01AA024152), the National Center for Research Resources (Grant UL1RR031990), and the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research. This research was also supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant U54DA036105) and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. JES was supported by the NIAAA (Grant F31AA024378). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIH or the FDA. The funding agencies had no role in the study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit for publication.
Funding Information:
We would like to thank the Spit for Science participants for making this study a success, as well as the many University faculty, students, and staff who contributed to the design and implementation of the project. Data from this study are available to qualified researchers via dbGaP (phs001754.v4.p2). Portions of this work were conducted as part of a PhD dissertation project and have been made available online via ProQuest. Spit for Science has been supported by Virginia Commonwealth University, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (Grants P20 AA017828, R37AA011408, K02AA018755, P50 AA022537, and K01AA024152), the National Center for Research Resources (Grant UL1RR031990), and the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research. This research was also supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant U54DA036105) and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. JES was supported by the NIAAA (Grant F31AA024378). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIH or the FDA. The funding agencies had no role in the study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit for publication. JES was responsible for conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing the original draft, and funding acquisition. The Spit for Science Working Group was responsible for data collection, data curation, methodology, and project administration. DMD was responsible for conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision, and writing. All authors have contributed to and approved the final manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Funding
Spit for Science has been supported by Virginia Commonwealth University, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (Grants P20 AA017828, R37AA011408, K02AA018755, P50 AA022537, and K01AA024152), the National Center for Research Resources (Grant UL1RR031990), and the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research. This research was also supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant U54DA036105) and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. JES was supported by the NIAAA (Grant F31AA024378). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIH or the FDA. The funding agencies had no role in the study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit for publication. We would like to thank the Spit for Science participants for making this study a success, as well as the many University faculty, students, and staff who contributed to the design and implementation of the project. Data from this study are available to qualified researchers via dbGaP (phs001754.v4.p2). Portions of this work were conducted as part of a PhD dissertation project and have been made available online via ProQuest. Spit for Science has been supported by Virginia Commonwealth University, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (Grants P20 AA017828, R37AA011408, K02AA018755, P50 AA022537, and K01AA024152), the National Center for Research Resources (Grant UL1RR031990), and the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research. This research was also supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant U54DA036105) and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. JES was supported by the NIAAA (Grant F31AA024378). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the NIH or the FDA. The funding agencies had no role in the study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit for publication. JES was responsible for conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing the original draft, and funding acquisition. The Spit for Science Working Group was responsible for data collection, data curation, methodology, and project administration. DMD was responsible for conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision, and writing. All authors have contributed to and approved the final manuscript.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Spit for Science | |
| National Institutes of Health | |
| National Institute on Drug Abuse | U54DA036105 |
| National Institute on Drug Abuse | |
| National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism | P20 AA017828, K02AA018755, R37AA011408, K01AA024152, P50 AA022537 |
| National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism | |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration | F31AA024378 |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration | |
| National Center for Research Resources | UL1RR031990 |
| National Center for Research Resources | |
| Virginia Commonwealth University | |
| Center for Tobacco Products |
Keywords
- Alcohol misuse
- College students
- Drinking motives
- Latent class
- Typology
