Abstract
Hazard assessment of refinery effluents is challenging because of their compositional complexity. Therefore, a weight-of-evidence approach using a combination of tools is often required. Previous research has focused on several predictive tools for sophisticated chemical analyses: biomimetic extraction to quantify the potentially bioaccumulative substances, 2-dimensional gas chromatography, modeling approaches to link oil composition to toxicity (PETROTOX), and whole-effluent toxicity assessments using bioassays. The present study investigated the value of these tools by comparing predicted effects to actual effects observed in stream mesocosm toxicity studies with refinery effluents. Three different effluent samples, with and without fortification by neat petroleum substances, were tested in experimental freshwater streams. The results indicate that the biological community shifted at higher exposure levels, consistent with chronic toxicity effects predicted by both modeled toxic units and potentially bioaccumulative substance measurements. The present study has demonstrated the potential of the predictive tools and the robustness of the stream mesocosm design to improve our understanding of the environmental hazards posed by refinery effluents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:650–659.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 650-659 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Environmental toxicology and chemistry |
Volume | 38 |
Issue number | 3 |
Early online date | 19 Dec 2018 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2019 |
Funding
Supplemental Data—The Supplemental Data are available on the Wiley Online Library at DOI: 10.1002/etc.4338 Acknowledgment—The authors acknowledge the refineries that supplied the effluents and the petroleum distillates as without their support this paper could not have been written. Furthermore, the authors acknowledge the members of the Concawe. Special Task Force on Biological Effects Measures (WQ/STF-32) who reviewed the paper prior to submission. This project was funded by TOTAL and Concawe. K. Cailleaud’s present address is Total E&P UK, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. M.J. Spence’s present address is British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Keywords
- Biomimetic extraction
- Mesocosms
- PETROTOX
- Refinery effluents