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Is mainstream LCA linear?

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Purpose: It is frequently mentioned in literature that LCA is linear, without a proof, or even without a clear definition of the criterion for linearity. Here we study the meaning of the term linear, and in relation to that, the question if LCA is indeed linear.

Methods: We explore the different meanings of the term linearity in the context of mathematical models. This leads to a distinction between linear functions, homogeneous functions, homogenous linear functions, bilinear functions, and multilinear functions. Each of them is defined in accessible terms and illustrated with examples.

Results: We analyze traditional, matrix-based, LCA, and conclude that LCA is not linear in any of the senses defined.

Discussion and conclusions: Despite the negative answer to the research question, there are many respects in which LCA can be regarded to be, at least to some extent, linear. We discuss a few of such cases. We also discuss a few practical implications for practitioners of LCA and for developers of new methods for LCI and LCIA.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1872-1882
Number of pages11
JournalInternational Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
Volume25
Issue number10
Early online date21 Aug 2020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2020

Funding

Two anonymous reviewers added a number of interesting points that helped to better articulate the issue. The handling editor, Yi Yang, also supplied a few valuable points. I thank Thomas Schaubroeck for his remarks that stimulated me to write this article.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
    SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production

Keywords

  • LCA
  • Life cycle assessment
  • Linear models
  • Linearity
  • Nonlinear models

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