Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Nick Patterson; Michael Isakov; Thomas Booth; Lindsey Büster; Claire Elise Fischer; Iñigo Olalde; Harald Ringbauer; Ali Akbari; Olivia Cheronet; Madeleine Bleasdale; Nicole Adamski; Eveline Altena; Rebecca Bernardos; Selina Brace; Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht; Kimberly Callan; Francesca Candilio; Brendan Culleton; Elizabeth Curtis; Lea Demetz; Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson; Daniel M. Fernandes; M. George B. Foody; Suzanne Freilich; Helen Goodchild; Aisling Kearns; Ann Marie Lawson; Iosif Lazaridis; Matthew Mah; Swapan Mallick; Kirsten Mandl; Adam Micco; Megan Michel; Guillermo Bravo Morante; Jonas Oppenheimer; Kadir Toykan Özdoğan; Lijun Qiu; Constanze Schattke; Kristin Stewardson; J. Noah Workman; Fatma Zalzala; Zhao Zhang; Bibiana Agustí; Tim Allen; Katalin Almássy; Luc Amkreutz; Abigail Ash; Christèle Baillif-Ducros; Alistair Barclay; László Bartosiewicz; Katherine Baxter; Zsolt Bernert; Jan Blažek; Mario Bodružić; Philippe Boissinot; Clive Bonsall; Pippa Bradley; Marcus Brittain; Alison Brookes; Fraser Brown; Lisa Brown; Richard Brunning; Chelsea Budd; Josip Burmaz; Sylvain Canet; Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres; Morana Čaušević-Bully; Andrew Chamberlain; Sébastien Chauvin; Sharon Clough; Natalija Čondić; Alfredo Coppa; Oliver Craig; Matija Črešnar; Vicki Cummings; Szabolcs Czifra; Alžběta Danielisová; Robin Daniels; Alex Davies; Philip de Jersey; Jody Deacon; Csilla Deminger; Peter W. Ditchfield; Marko Dizdar; Miroslav Dobeš; Miluše Dobisíková; László Domboróczki; Gail Drinkall; Ana Đukić; Ceiridwen J. Edwards; Michal Ernée; Christopher Evans; Jane Evans; Manuel Fernández-Götz; Slavica Filipović; Andrew Fitzpatrick; Harry Fokkens; Chris Fowler; Allison Fox; Zsolt Gallina; Michelle Gamble; Manuel R. González Morales; Borja González-Rabanal; Adrian Green; Katalin Gyenesei; Diederick Habermehl; Tamás Hajdu; Derek Hamilton; James Harris; Chris Hayden; Joep Hendriks; Bénédicte Hernu; Gill Hey; Milan Horňák; Gábor Ilon; Eszter Istvánovits; Andy M. Jones; Martina Blečić Kavur; Kevin Kazek; Robert A. Kenyon; Amal Khreisheh; Viktória Kiss; Jos Kleijne; Mark Knight; Lisette M. Kootker; Péter F. Kovács; Anita Kozubová; Gabriella Kulcsár; Valéria Kulcsár; Christophe Le Pennec; Michael Legge; Matt Leivers; Louise Loe; Olalla López-Costas; Tom Lord; Dženi Los; James Lyall; Ana B. Marín-Arroyo; Philip Mason; Damir Matošević; Andy Maxted; Lauren McIntyre; Jacqueline McKinley; Kathleen McSweeney; Bernard Meijlink; Balázs G. Mende; Marko Menđušić; Milan Metlička; Sophie Meyer; Kristina Mihovilić; Lidija Milasinovic; Steve Minnitt; Joanna Moore; Geoff Morley; Graham Mullan; Margaréta Musilová; Benjamin Neil; Rebecca Nicholls; Mario Novak; Maria Pala; Martin Papworth; Cécile Paresys; Ricky Patten; Domagoj Perkić; Krisztina Pesti; Alba Petit; Katarína Petriščáková; Coline Pichon; Catriona Pickard; Zoltán Pilling; T. Douglas Price; Siniša Radović; Rebecca Redfern; Branislav Resutík; Daniel T. Rhodes; Martin B. Richards; Amy Roberts; Jean Roefstra; Pavel Sankot; Alena Šefčáková; Alison Sheridan; Sabine Skae; Miroslava Šmolíková; Krisztina Somogyi; Ágnes Somogyvári; Mark Stephens; Géza Szabó; Anna Szécsényi-Nagy; Tamás Szeniczey; Jonathan Tabor; Károly Tankó; Clenis Tavarez Maria; Rachel Terry; Biba Teržan; Maria Teschler-Nicola; Jesús F. Torres-Martínez; Julien Trapp; Ross Turle; Ferenc Ujvári; Menno van der Heiden; Petr Veleminsky; Barbara Veselka; Zdeněk Vytlačil; Clive Waddington; Paula Ware; Paul Wilkinson; Linda Wilson; Rob Wiseman; Eilidh Young; Joško Zaninović; Andrej Žitňan; Carles Lalueza-Fox; Peter de Knijff; Ian Barnes; Peter Halkon; Mark G. Thomas; Douglas J. Kennett; Barry Cunliffe; Malcolm Lillie; Nadin Rohland; Ron Pinhasi; Ian Armit; David Reich

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Nick Patterson, Michael Isakov, Thomas Booth, Lindsey Büster, Claire Elise Fischer, Iñigo Olalde, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Madeleine Bleasdale, Nicole Adamski, Eveline Altena, Rebecca Bernardos, Selina Brace, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Francesca Candilio, Brendan Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Lea DemetzKellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Daniel M. Fernandes, M. George B. Foody, Suzanne Freilich, Helen Goodchild, Aisling Kearns, Ann Marie Lawson, Iosif Lazaridis, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, Constanze Schattke, Kristin Stewardson, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Zhao Zhang, Bibiana Agustí, Tim Allen, Katalin Almássy, Luc Amkreutz, Abigail Ash, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Alistair Barclay, László Bartosiewicz, Katherine Baxter, Zsolt Bernert, Jan Blažek, Mario Bodružić, Philippe Boissinot, Clive Bonsall, Pippa Bradley, Marcus Brittain, Alison Brookes, Fraser Brown, Lisa Brown, Richard Brunning, Chelsea Budd, Josip Burmaz, Sylvain Canet, Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres, Morana Čaušević-Bully, Andrew Chamberlain, Sébastien Chauvin, Sharon Clough, Natalija Čondić, Alfredo Coppa, Oliver Craig, Matija Črešnar, Vicki Cummings, Szabolcs Czifra, Alžběta Danielisová, Robin Daniels, Alex Davies, Philip de Jersey, Jody Deacon, Csilla Deminger, Peter W. Ditchfield, Marko Dizdar, Miroslav Dobeš, Miluše Dobisíková, László Domboróczki, Gail Drinkall, Ana Đukić, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Jane Evans, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Slavica Filipović, Andrew Fitzpatrick, Harry Fokkens, Chris Fowler, Allison Fox, Zsolt Gallina, Michelle Gamble, Manuel R. González Morales, Borja González-Rabanal, Adrian Green, Katalin Gyenesei, Diederick Habermehl, Tamás Hajdu, Derek Hamilton, James Harris, Chris Hayden, Joep Hendriks, Bénédicte Hernu, Gill Hey, Milan Horňák, Gábor Ilon, Eszter Istvánovits, Andy M. Jones, Martina Blečić Kavur, Kevin Kazek, Robert A. Kenyon, Amal Khreisheh, Viktória Kiss, Jos Kleijne, Mark Knight, Lisette M. Kootker, Péter F. Kovács, Anita Kozubová, Gabriella Kulcsár, Valéria Kulcsár, Christophe Le Pennec, Michael Legge, Matt Leivers, Louise Loe, Olalla López-Costas, Tom Lord, Dženi Los, James Lyall, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Philip Mason, Damir Matošević, Andy Maxted, Lauren McIntyre, Jacqueline McKinley, Kathleen McSweeney, Bernard Meijlink, Balázs G. Mende, Marko Menđušić, Milan Metlička, Sophie Meyer, Kristina Mihovilić, Lidija Milasinovic, Steve Minnitt, Joanna Moore, Geoff Morley, Graham Mullan, Margaréta Musilová, Benjamin Neil, Rebecca Nicholls, Mario Novak, Maria Pala, Martin Papworth, Cécile Paresys, Ricky Patten, Domagoj Perkić, Krisztina Pesti, Alba Petit, Katarína Petriščáková, Coline Pichon, Catriona Pickard, Zoltán Pilling, T. Douglas Price, Siniša Radović, Rebecca Redfern, Branislav Resutík, Daniel T. Rhodes, Martin B. Richards, Amy Roberts, Jean Roefstra, Pavel Sankot, Alena Šefčáková, Alison Sheridan, Sabine Skae, Miroslava Šmolíková, Krisztina Somogyi, Ágnes Somogyvári, Mark Stephens, Géza Szabó, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Jonathan Tabor, Károly Tankó, Clenis Tavarez Maria, Rachel Terry, Biba Teržan, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Julien Trapp, Ross Turle, Ferenc Ujvári, Menno van der Heiden, Petr Veleminsky, Barbara Veselka, Zdeněk Vytlačil, Clive Waddington, Paula Ware, Paul Wilkinson, Linda Wilson, Rob Wiseman, Eilidh Young, Joško Zaninović, Andrej Žitňan, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Peter de Knijff, Ian Barnes, Peter Halkon, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Barry Cunliffe, Malcolm Lillie, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, Ian Armit, David Reich^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Geology and Geochemistry

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age¹. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 bc, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange^2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	588-594
Number of pages	22
Journal	Nature
Volume	601
Issue number	7894
Early online date	22 Dec 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4
Publication status	Published - 27 Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Funding

Acknowledgements We thank P. Csengeri, T. de Rider, M. Giesen, E. Melis, A. Parkin and A. Schmitt for their contribution to sample selection and collection of archaeological data; R. Crellin, J. Koch, K. Kristiansen and G. Kroonen for comments on the manuscript; A. Williamson for manually revising Y chromosome haplogroup determinations and making corrections to nine; and M. Lee for assistance with data entry. This work was funded in part by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 834087; the COMMIOS Project to I.A.). M.N. was supported by the Croatian Science Fund grant (HRZZ IP-2016-06-1450). P.V., M.Dobe\u0161 and Z.V. were supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2019-2023/7.I.c, 00023272). M.E. was supported by Czech Academy of Sciences award Praemium Academiae. M.Dobis\u00EDkov\u00E1 and A.Danielisov\u00E1 were supported by the grant RVO 67985912 of the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. M.G.B.F. was funded by The Leverhulme Trust via a Doctoral Scholarship scheme awarded to M.Pala and M.B.R. Support to M.Legge came from the South, West & Wales Doctoral Training Partnership. M.G.\u2019s osteological analyses were funded by Culture Vannin. A.S.-N. was supported by the J\u00E1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. T.H., T.S. and K.K.\u2019s work was supported by a grant from the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (project number: FK128013). We acknowledge support for radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analyses as well as access to skeletal material from Manx National Heritage and A. Fox. Dating analysis was funded by Leverhulme Trust grant RPG-388. M.G.T. and I.B. were supported by a Wellcome Trust Investigator Award (project 100713/Z/12/Z). I.O. was supported by a Ram\u00F3n y Cajal grant from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n, Spanish Government (RYC2019-027909-I). The research directed at Harvard was funded by NIH grants GM100233 and HG012287, by John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, by a gift from Jean-Fran\u00E7ois Clin, and by the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation. D.R. is also an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Funders	Funder number
Croatian Science Fund	HRZZ IP-2016-06-1450
Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office	FK128013, RPG-388
Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Praemium Academiae	RVO 67985912
Spanish Government	RYC2019-027909-I
West & Wales Doctoral Training Partnership
National Institutes of Health	HG012287
National Institute of General Medical Sciences	R01GM100233
John Templeton Foundation	61220
Wellcome Trust	100713/Z/12/Z
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	834087
Leverhulme Trust
European Research Council
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
Akademie Věd České Republiky
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Ministerstvo Kultury	00023272

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10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze AgeFinal published version, 9.98 MBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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Cite this

Patterson, N., Isakov, M., Booth, T., Büster, L., Fischer, C. E., Olalde, I., Ringbauer, H., Akbari, A., Cheronet, O., Bleasdale, M., Adamski, N., Altena, E., Bernardos, R., Brace, S., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Callan, K., Candilio, F., Culleton, B., Curtis, E., ... Reich, D. (2022). Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age. Nature, 601(7894), 588-594. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4

@article{67d1f2fee60d45e3a90564b8d69d0da7,

title = "Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age",

abstract = "Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 bc, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain{\textquoteright}s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.",

author = "Nick Patterson and Michael Isakov and Thomas Booth and Lindsey B{\"u}ster and Fischer, {Claire Elise} and I{\~n}igo Olalde and Harald Ringbauer and Ali Akbari and Olivia Cheronet and Madeleine Bleasdale and Nicole Adamski and Eveline Altena and Rebecca Bernardos and Selina Brace and Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht and Kimberly Callan and Francesca Candilio and Brendan Culleton and Elizabeth Curtis and Lea Demetz and Carlson, {Kellie Sara Duffett} and Fernandes, {Daniel M.} and Foody, {M. George B.} and Suzanne Freilich and Helen Goodchild and Aisling Kearns and Lawson, {Ann Marie} and Iosif Lazaridis and Matthew Mah and Swapan Mallick and Kirsten Mandl and Adam Micco and Megan Michel and Morante, {Guillermo Bravo} and Jonas Oppenheimer and {\"O}zdoğan, {Kadir Toykan} and Lijun Qiu and Constanze Schattke and Kristin Stewardson and Workman, {J. Noah} and Fatma Zalzala and Zhao Zhang and Bibiana Agust{\'i} and Tim Allen and Katalin Alm{\'a}ssy and Luc Amkreutz and Abigail Ash and Christ{\`e}le Baillif-Ducros and Alistair Barclay and L{\'a}szl{\'o} Bartosiewicz and Katherine Baxter and Zsolt Bernert and Jan Bla{\v z}ek and Mario Bodru{\v z}i{\'c} and Philippe Boissinot and Clive Bonsall and Pippa Bradley and Marcus Brittain and Alison Brookes and Fraser Brown and Lisa Brown and Richard Brunning and Chelsea Budd and Josip Burmaz and Sylvain Canet and Silvia Carnicero-C{\'a}ceres and Morana {\v C}au{\v s}evi{\'c}-Bully and Andrew Chamberlain and S{\'e}bastien Chauvin and Sharon Clough and Natalija {\v C}ondi{\'c} and Alfredo Coppa and Oliver Craig and Matija {\v C}re{\v s}nar and Vicki Cummings and Szabolcs Czifra and Al{\v z}b{\v e}ta Danielisov{\'a} and Robin Daniels and Alex Davies and {de Jersey}, Philip and Jody Deacon and Csilla Deminger and Ditchfield, {Peter W.} and Marko Dizdar and Miroslav Dobe{\v s} and Milu{\v s}e Dobis{\'i}kov{\'a} and L{\'a}szl{\'o} Dombor{\'o}czki and Gail Drinkall and Ana {\D}uki{\'c} and Edwards, {Ceiridwen J.} and Michal Ern{\'e}e and Christopher Evans and Jane Evans and Manuel Fern{\'a}ndez-G{\"o}tz and Slavica Filipovi{\'c} and Andrew Fitzpatrick and Harry Fokkens and Chris Fowler and Allison Fox and Zsolt Gallina and Michelle Gamble and {Gonz{\'a}lez Morales}, {Manuel R.} and Borja Gonz{\'a}lez-Rabanal and Adrian Green and Katalin Gyenesei and Diederick Habermehl and Tam{\'a}s Hajdu and Derek Hamilton and James Harris and Chris Hayden and Joep Hendriks and B{\'e}n{\'e}dicte Hernu and Gill Hey and Milan Hor{\v n}{\'a}k and G{\'a}bor Ilon and Eszter Istv{\'a}novits and Jones, {Andy M.} and Kavur, {Martina Ble{\v c}i{\'c}} and Kevin Kazek and Kenyon, {Robert A.} and Amal Khreisheh and Vikt{\'o}ria Kiss and Jos Kleijne and Mark Knight and Kootker, {Lisette M.} and Kov{\'a}cs, {P{\'e}ter F.} and Anita Kozubov{\'a} and Gabriella Kulcs{\'a}r and Val{\'e}ria Kulcs{\'a}r and {Le Pennec}, Christophe and Michael Legge and Matt Leivers and Louise Loe and Olalla L{\'o}pez-Costas and Tom Lord and D{\v z}eni Los and James Lyall and Mar{\'i}n-Arroyo, {Ana B.} and Philip Mason and Damir Mato{\v s}evi{\'c} and Andy Maxted and Lauren McIntyre and Jacqueline McKinley and Kathleen McSweeney and Bernard Meijlink and Mende, {Bal{\'a}zs G.} and Marko Men{\d}u{\v s}i{\'c} and Milan Metli{\v c}ka and Sophie Meyer and Kristina Mihovili{\'c} and Lidija Milasinovic and Steve Minnitt and Joanna Moore and Geoff Morley and Graham Mullan and Margar{\'e}ta Musilov{\'a} and Benjamin Neil and Rebecca Nicholls and Mario Novak and Maria Pala and Martin Papworth and C{\'e}cile Paresys and Ricky Patten and Domagoj Perki{\'c} and Krisztina Pesti and Alba Petit and Katar{\'i}na Petri{\v s}{\v c}{\'a}kov{\'a} and Coline Pichon and Catriona Pickard and Zolt{\'a}n Pilling and Price, {T. Douglas} and Sini{\v s}a Radovi{\'c} and Rebecca Redfern and Branislav Resut{\'i}k and Rhodes, {Daniel T.} and Richards, {Martin B.} and Amy Roberts and Jean Roefstra and Pavel Sankot and Alena {\v S}ef{\v c}{\'a}kov{\'a} and Alison Sheridan and Sabine Skae and Miroslava {\v S}mol{\'i}kov{\'a} and Krisztina Somogyi and {\'A}gnes Somogyv{\'a}ri and Mark Stephens and G{\'e}za Szab{\'o} and Anna Sz{\'e}cs{\'e}nyi-Nagy and Tam{\'a}s Szeniczey and Jonathan Tabor and K{\'a}roly Tank{\'o} and Maria, {Clenis Tavarez} and Rachel Terry and Biba Ter{\v z}an and Maria Teschler-Nicola and Torres-Mart{\'i}nez, {Jes{\'u}s F.} and Julien Trapp and Ross Turle and Ferenc Ujv{\'a}ri and {van der Heiden}, Menno and Petr Veleminsky and Barbara Veselka and Zden{\v e}k Vytla{\v c}il and Clive Waddington and Paula Ware and Paul Wilkinson and Linda Wilson and Rob Wiseman and Eilidh Young and Jo{\v s}ko Zaninovi{\'c} and Andrej {\v Z}it{\v n}an and Carles Lalueza-Fox and {de Knijff}, Peter and Ian Barnes and Peter Halkon and Thomas, {Mark G.} and Kennett, {Douglas J.} and Barry Cunliffe and Malcolm Lillie and Nadin Rohland and Ron Pinhasi and Ian Armit and David Reich",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2022",

month = jan,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4",

language = "English",

volume = "601",

pages = "588--594",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "7894",

}

Patterson, N, Isakov, M, Booth, T, Büster, L, Fischer, CE, Olalde, I, Ringbauer, H, Akbari, A, Cheronet, O, Bleasdale, M, Adamski, N, Altena, E, Bernardos, R, Brace, S, Broomandkhoshbacht, N, Callan, K, Candilio, F, Culleton, B, Curtis, E, Demetz, L, Carlson, KSD, Fernandes, DM, Foody, MGB, Freilich, S, Goodchild, H, Kearns, A, Lawson, AM, Lazaridis, I, Mah, M, Mallick, S, Mandl, K, Micco, A, Michel, M, Morante, GB, Oppenheimer, J, Özdoğan, KT, Qiu, L, Schattke, C, Stewardson, K, Workman, JN, Zalzala, F, Zhang, Z, Agustí, B, Allen, T, Almássy, K, Amkreutz, L, Ash, A, Baillif-Ducros, C, Barclay, A, Bartosiewicz, L, Baxter, K, Bernert, Z, Blažek, J, Bodružić, M, Boissinot, P, Bonsall, C, Bradley, P, Brittain, M, Brookes, A, Brown, F, Brown, L, Brunning, R, Budd, C, Burmaz, J, Canet, S, Carnicero-Cáceres, S, Čaušević-Bully, M, Chamberlain, A, Chauvin, S, Clough, S, Čondić, N, Coppa, A, Craig, O, Črešnar, M, Cummings, V, Czifra, S, Danielisová, A, Daniels, R, Davies, A, de Jersey, P, Deacon, J, Deminger, C, Ditchfield, PW, Dizdar, M, Dobeš, M, Dobisíková, M, Domboróczki, L, Drinkall, G, Đukić, A, Edwards, CJ, Ernée, M, Evans, C, Evans, J, Fernández-Götz, M, Filipović, S, Fitzpatrick, A, Fokkens, H, Fowler, C, Fox, A, Gallina, Z, Gamble, M, González Morales, MR, González-Rabanal, B, Green, A, Gyenesei, K, Habermehl, D, Hajdu, T, Hamilton, D, Harris, J, Hayden, C, Hendriks, J, Hernu, B, Hey, G, Horňák, M, Ilon, G, Istvánovits, E, Jones, AM, Kavur, MB, Kazek, K, Kenyon, RA, Khreisheh, A, Kiss, V, Kleijne, J, Knight, M, Kootker, LM, Kovács, PF, Kozubová, A, Kulcsár, G, Kulcsár, V, Le Pennec, C, Legge, M, Leivers, M, Loe, L, López-Costas, O, Lord, T, Los, D, Lyall, J, Marín-Arroyo, AB, Mason, P, Matošević, D, Maxted, A, McIntyre, L, McKinley, J, McSweeney, K, Meijlink, B, Mende, BG, Menđušić, M, Metlička, M, Meyer, S, Mihovilić, K, Milasinovic, L, Minnitt, S, Moore, J, Morley, G, Mullan, G, Musilová, M, Neil, B, Nicholls, R, Novak, M, Pala, M, Papworth, M, Paresys, C, Patten, R, Perkić, D, Pesti, K, Petit, A, Petriščáková, K, Pichon, C, Pickard, C, Pilling, Z, Price, TD, Radović, S, Redfern, R, Resutík, B, Rhodes, DT, Richards, MB, Roberts, A, Roefstra, J, Sankot, P, Šefčáková, A, Sheridan, A, Skae, S, Šmolíková, M, Somogyi, K, Somogyvári, Á, Stephens, M, Szabó, G, Szécsényi-Nagy, A, Szeniczey, T, Tabor, J, Tankó, K, Maria, CT, Terry, R, Teržan, B, Teschler-Nicola, M, Torres-Martínez, JF, Trapp, J, Turle, R, Ujvári, F, van der Heiden, M, Veleminsky, P, Veselka, B, Vytlačil, Z, Waddington, C, Ware, P, Wilkinson, P, Wilson, L, Wiseman, R, Young, E, Zaninović, J, Žitňan, A, Lalueza-Fox, C, de Knijff, P, Barnes, I, Halkon, P, Thomas, MG, Kennett, DJ, Cunliffe, B, Lillie, M, Rohland, N, Pinhasi, R, Armit, I & Reich, D 2022, 'Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age', Nature, vol. 601, no. 7894, pp. 588-594. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4

TY - JOUR

T1 - Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Isakov, Michael

AU - Booth, Thomas

AU - Büster, Lindsey

AU - Fischer, Claire Elise

AU - Olalde, Iñigo

AU - Ringbauer, Harald

AU - Akbari, Ali

AU - Cheronet, Olivia

AU - Bleasdale, Madeleine

AU - Adamski, Nicole

AU - Altena, Eveline

AU - Bernardos, Rebecca

AU - Brace, Selina

AU - Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen

AU - Callan, Kimberly

AU - Candilio, Francesca

AU - Culleton, Brendan

AU - Curtis, Elizabeth

AU - Demetz, Lea

AU - Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett

AU - Fernandes, Daniel M.

AU - Foody, M. George B.

AU - Freilich, Suzanne

AU - Goodchild, Helen

AU - Kearns, Aisling

AU - Lawson, Ann Marie

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Mah, Matthew

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Mandl, Kirsten

AU - Micco, Adam

AU - Michel, Megan

AU - Morante, Guillermo Bravo

AU - Oppenheimer, Jonas

AU - Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan

AU - Qiu, Lijun

AU - Schattke, Constanze

AU - Stewardson, Kristin

AU - Workman, J. Noah

AU - Zalzala, Fatma

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PY - 2022/1/27

Y1 - 2022/1/27

N2 - Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 bc, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.

AB - Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 bc, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121633354&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85121633354&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4

DO - 10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85121633354

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 601

SP - 588

EP - 594

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7894

ER -

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

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