Abstract
Compounds with different modes of action may affect life cycles of biota differently. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the impact of four chemicals with different modes of action, including the essential metal copper, the nonessential metal cadmium, the organometal tributyltin, and the polycyclic aromatic compound phenanthrene, on chronic lethal and sublethal life-cycle effect parameters of the nonbiting midge Chironomus riparius, applying a 28-day sediment toxicity test. Tributyltin and cadmium delayed emergence significantly over a wide range of sublethal concentrations, while this range was narrow for copper and almost absent for phenanthrene. The chronic LC50/LOEC
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1645-1651 |
Journal | Environmental Science and Technology |
Volume | 45 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2011 |