Abstract
Childhood abuse is a major public health problem that has been linked to depression in adulthood. Although different types of childhood abuse often co-occur, few studies have examined their unique impact on negative mental health outcomes. Most studies have focused solely on the consequences of childhood physical or sexual abuse; however, it has been suggested that childhood emotional abuse is more strongly related to depression. It remains unclear which underlying psychological processes mediate the effect of childhood emotional abuse on depressive symptoms. In a cross-sectional study in 276 female college students, multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine whether childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse were independently associated with depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems. Subsequently, OLS regression analyses were used to determine whether emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems mediate the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms. Of all types of abuse, only emotional abuse was independently associated with depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems. The effect of childhood emotional abuse on depressive symptoms was mediated by emotion dysregulation and the following domains of interpersonal problems: cold/distant and domineering/controlling. The results of the current study indicate that detection and prevention of childhood emotional abuse deserves attention from Child Protective Services. Finally, interventions that target emotion regulation skills and interpersonal skills may be beneficial in prevention of depression.
Original language | English |
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Article number | e0211882 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-18 |
Number of pages | 18 |
Journal | PLoS ONE |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 14 Feb 2019 |
Funding
MMdW and CC received a Van der Gaag Grant of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW, https://www.knaw.nl/en) for this study. This research was also funded by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, https://www.nwo.nl/en), within the program “Violence Against Psychiatric Patients” (grant number: 432-12-804, awarded to JJMD, and grant number: 432-13-811, awarded to ATFB). TLMM received funding from the O’Toole Family Professor endownment (http://www. otoolefoundation.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank all students for their participation in this study, and Willemijn van Ginne-ken for her contribution to the data collection. We also thank the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences for the opportunity to collaborate with Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, U.S.A.
Funders | Funder number |
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American Psychiatric Publishing | 432-13-811, 432-12-804 |
Kutsche Family Memorial Endowment | |
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW) | |
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
Azad University in Oxford |