Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review

Roos J. Jutten; Evan Grandoit; Nancy S. Foldi; Sietske A.M. Sikkes; Richard N. Jones; Seo Eun Choi; Melissa L. Lamar; Diana K.N. Louden; Joanne Rich; Douglas Tommet; Paul K. Crane; Laura A. Rabin

doi:10.1002/dad2.12055

Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review

Roos J. Jutten^*, Evan Grandoit, Nancy S. Foldi, Sietske A.M. Sikkes, Richard N. Jones, Seo Eun Choi, Melissa L. Lamar, Diana K.N. Louden, Joanne Rich, Douglas Tommet, Paul K. Crane, Laura A. Rabin

^*Corresponding author for this work

Clinical Neuropsychology

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Practice effects (PEs) are improvements in performance after repeated exposure to test materials, and typically viewed as a source of bias in repeated cognitive assessments. We aimed to determine whether characterizing PEs could also provide a useful marker of early cognitive decline. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching PsycInfo (Ebsco) and PubMed databases for articles studying PEs in aging and dementia populations. Articles published between 1920 and 2019 were included. Result: We identified 259 articles, of which 27 studied PEs as markers of cognitive performance. These studies consistently showed that smaller, less-robust PEs were associated with current diagnostic status and/or future cognitive decline. In addition, lower PEs were associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers. Conclusion: PEs provide a potentially useful marker of cognitive decline, and could prove valuable as part of a cost-effective strategy to select individuals who are at-risk for dementia for future interventions.

Original language	English
Article number	e12055
Pages (from-to)	1-12
Number of pages	12
Journal	Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring
Volume	12
Early online date	9 Jul 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12055
Publication status	Published - 2020

Funding

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01AG029672 (Paul K. Crane, PI) and by funding from NIH‐National Institute of General Medicine SC3.GM122662 (Nancy S. Foldi, PI).

Funders	Funder number
NIH-National Institute of General Medicine SC3.GM122662
NIH‐National Institute of General Medicine SC3.GM122662
National Institutes of Health	R01AG029672

Keywords

Alzheimer's disease
cognition
learning effects
practice effects
retest effects

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Jutten, R. J., Grandoit, E., Foldi, N. S., Sikkes, S. A. M., Jones, R. N., Choi, S. E., Lamar, M. L., Louden, D. K. N., Rich, J., Tommet, D., Crane, P. K., & Rabin, L. A. (2020). Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, 12, 1-12. Article e12055. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12055

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title = "Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review",

abstract = "Background: Practice effects (PEs) are improvements in performance after repeated exposure to test materials, and typically viewed as a source of bias in repeated cognitive assessments. We aimed to determine whether characterizing PEs could also provide a useful marker of early cognitive decline. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching PsycInfo (Ebsco) and PubMed databases for articles studying PEs in aging and dementia populations. Articles published between 1920 and 2019 were included. Result: We identified 259 articles, of which 27 studied PEs as markers of cognitive performance. These studies consistently showed that smaller, less-robust PEs were associated with current diagnostic status and/or future cognitive decline. In addition, lower PEs were associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers. Conclusion: PEs provide a potentially useful marker of cognitive decline, and could prove valuable as part of a cost-effective strategy to select individuals who are at-risk for dementia for future interventions.",

keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, cognition, learning effects, practice effects, retest effects",

author = "Jutten, {Roos J.} and Evan Grandoit and Foldi, {Nancy S.} and Sikkes, {Sietske A.M.} and Jones, {Richard N.} and Choi, {Seo Eun} and Lamar, {Melissa L.} and Louden, {Diana K.N.} and Joanne Rich and Douglas Tommet and Crane, {Paul K.} and Rabin, {Laura A.}",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.1002/dad2.12055",

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journal = "Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring",

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Jutten, RJ, Grandoit, E, Foldi, NS, Sikkes, SAM, Jones, RN, Choi, SE, Lamar, ML, Louden, DKN, Rich, J, Tommet, D, Crane, PK & Rabin, LA 2020, 'Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review', Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, vol. 12, e12055, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12055

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AU - Jutten, Roos J.

AU - Grandoit, Evan

AU - Foldi, Nancy S.

AU - Sikkes, Sietske A.M.

AU - Jones, Richard N.

AU - Choi, Seo Eun

AU - Lamar, Melissa L.

AU - Louden, Diana K.N.

AU - Rich, Joanne

AU - Tommet, Douglas

AU - Crane, Paul K.

AU - Rabin, Laura A.

PY - 2020

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N2 - Background: Practice effects (PEs) are improvements in performance after repeated exposure to test materials, and typically viewed as a source of bias in repeated cognitive assessments. We aimed to determine whether characterizing PEs could also provide a useful marker of early cognitive decline. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching PsycInfo (Ebsco) and PubMed databases for articles studying PEs in aging and dementia populations. Articles published between 1920 and 2019 were included. Result: We identified 259 articles, of which 27 studied PEs as markers of cognitive performance. These studies consistently showed that smaller, less-robust PEs were associated with current diagnostic status and/or future cognitive decline. In addition, lower PEs were associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers. Conclusion: PEs provide a potentially useful marker of cognitive decline, and could prove valuable as part of a cost-effective strategy to select individuals who are at-risk for dementia for future interventions.

AB - Background: Practice effects (PEs) are improvements in performance after repeated exposure to test materials, and typically viewed as a source of bias in repeated cognitive assessments. We aimed to determine whether characterizing PEs could also provide a useful marker of early cognitive decline. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching PsycInfo (Ebsco) and PubMed databases for articles studying PEs in aging and dementia populations. Articles published between 1920 and 2019 were included. Result: We identified 259 articles, of which 27 studied PEs as markers of cognitive performance. These studies consistently showed that smaller, less-robust PEs were associated with current diagnostic status and/or future cognitive decline. In addition, lower PEs were associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers. Conclusion: PEs provide a potentially useful marker of cognitive decline, and could prove valuable as part of a cost-effective strategy to select individuals who are at-risk for dementia for future interventions.

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Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review

Abstract

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Keywords

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