Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study

Shuqing Si; Anbreen Bi; Zhaoying Yu; Cheryl See; Sinead Kelly; Sonia Ambrogi; Celso Arango; Inmaculada Baeza; Nerisa Banaj; Michael Berk; Josefina Castro-Fornieles; Benedicto Crespo-Facorro; Jacob J. Crouse; Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja; Anne Kathrin Fett; Adriana Fortea; Sophia Frangou; Benjamin I. Goldstein; Ian B. Hickie; Joost Janssen; Kody G. Kennedy; Lydia Krabbendam; Marinos Kyriakopoulos; Bradley J. MacIntosh; Pedro Morgado; Stener Nerland; Saül Pascual-Diaz; Maria Picó-Pérez; Fabrizio Piras; Bjørn Rishovd Rund; Elena de la Serna; Gianfranco Spalletta; Gisela Sugranyes; Chao Suo; Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez; Daniela Vecchio; Joaquim Radua; Philip McGuire; Sophia I. Thomopoulos; Neda Jahanshad; Paul M. Thompson; Claudia Barth; Ingrid Agartz; Anthony James; Matthew J. Kempton

doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1

Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study

Shuqing Si^*
, Anbreen Bi
, Zhaoying Yu
, Cheryl See
, Sinead Kelly
, Sonia Ambrogi
, Celso Arango
, Inmaculada Baeza
, Nerisa Banaj
, Michael Berk
, Josefina Castro-Fornieles
, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
, Jacob J. Crouse
, Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja
, Anne Kathrin Fett
, Adriana Fortea
, Sophia Frangou
, Benjamin I. Goldstein
, Ian B. Hickie
, Joost Janssen

Kody G. Kennedy, Lydia Krabbendam, Marinos Kyriakopoulos, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Pedro Morgado, Stener Nerland, Saül Pascual-Diaz, Maria Picó-Pérez, Fabrizio Piras, Bjørn Rishovd Rund, Elena de la Serna, Gianfranco Spalletta, Gisela Sugranyes, Chao Suo, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Daniela Vecchio, Joaquim Radua, Philip McGuire, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M. Thompson, Claudia Barth, Ingrid Agartz, Anthony James, Matthew J. Kempton

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Regional gray matter (GM) alterations have been reported in early-onset psychosis (EOP, onset before age 18), but previous studies have yielded conflicting results, likely due to small sample sizes and the different brain regions examined. In this study, we conducted a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in a large sample of individuals with EOP, using the newly developed ENIGMA-VBM tool. Methods: 15 independent cohorts from the ENIGMA-EOP working group participated in the study. The overall sample comprised T1-weighted MRI data from 482 individuals with EOP and 469 healthy controls. Each site performed the VBM analysis locally using the standardized ENIGMA-VBM tool. Statistical parametric T-maps were generated from each cohort and meta-analyzed to reveal voxel-wise differences between EOP and healthy controls as well as the individual-based association between GM volume and age of onset, chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalent dose, and other clinical variables. Results: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with EOP showed widespread lower GM volume encompassing most of the cortex, with the most marked effect in the left median cingulate (Hedges’ g = 0.55, p = 0.001 corrected), as well as small clusters of lower white matter (WM), whereas no regional GM or WM volumes were higher in EOP. Lower GM volume in the cerebellum, thalamus and left inferior parietal gyrus was associated with older age of onset. Deficits in GM in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right insula, right precentral gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus were also associated with higher CPZ equivalent doses. Conclusion: EOP is associated with widespread reductions in cortical GM volume, while WM is affected to a smaller extent. GM volume alterations are associated with age of onset and CPZ equivalent dose but these effects are small compared to case-control differences. Mapping anatomical abnormalities in EOP may lead to a better understanding of the role of psychosis in brain development during childhood and adolescence.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	496-504
Number of pages	9
Journal	Molecular Psychiatry
Volume	29
Issue number	2
Early online date	10 Jan 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1
Publication status	Published - Feb 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023.

Funding

This study is dedicated to the memory of the life of Benjamin Fiddes (1978\u20131998). We are very grateful to the original investigators who collected the cohort data and individuals who took part and to the ENIGMA consortium. We thank the authors of Pic\u00F3-P\u00E9rez et al. for sharing their results with us. SS is supported by a Chinese Scholarship Council studentship with King\u2019s College London. This study represents independent research, partly funded by the NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship and Leadership 3 Investigator grant (1156072 and 2017131). The Hospital Clinic Barcelona - IDIBAPS cohort has been supported by the following funding agencies: the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), co-financed by the European Union, (PI18/00976, PI20/00654, PI02100330), Ajut a la Recerca Pons Bartran, the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation, Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award 2017) and Strategic Research and Innovation Plan in Health (PERIS), Department of Health, Government of Catalonia. CA, CDC and JJ are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), co-financed by the European Union, ERDF Funds from the European Commission, \u201CA way of making Europe\u201D, financed by the European Union - NextGenerationEU (PMP21/00051), PI19/01024, PI20/00721, JR19/00024. CIBERSAM, Madrid Regional Government (S2022/BMD-7216 (AGES 3-CM)), European Union Structural Funds, European Union Seventh Framework Program, European Union H2020 Program under the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking: Project PRISM-2 (Grant agreement No.101034377), Project AIMS-2-TRIALS (Grant agreement No 777394), Horizon Europe, the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 1U01MH124639-01 (Project ProNET) and Award Number 5P50MH115846-03 (project FEP-CAUSAL), Fundaci\u00F3n Familia Alonso, and Fundaci\u00F3n Alicia Koplowitz. YTOP cohort is supported by The Research Council of Norway (223273, 213700, 250358, 288083, 334326); South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2017112); KG Jebsen Stiftelsen (SKGJ-MED-008). SCAPS cohort is supported by The Swedish Research Council (521-2014-3487, 2017-00949); FORMAS (259-2012-31). RUND cohort is supported by South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (#2004-259, # 2006-186). MPP is supported by the grant RYC2021\u2010031228\u2010I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110 0011033 and by the \u201CEuropean Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR\u201D. PM\u2019s work has been partially funded by National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) - project UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020 and by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The study was partially funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Corrente 23. SIT, NJ, PMT were supported in part by NIH grants: R01AG059874, R01MH134004, R01MH116147, R01MH121246, and P41EB015922. JJC is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Emerging Leadership EL1 Fellowship (2008197). IBH is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Leadership 3 Fellowship (2016346). This study is dedicated to the memory of the life of Benjamin Fiddes (1978\u20131998). We are very grateful to the original investigators who collected the cohort data\u00A0and individuals who took part and to the ENIGMA consortium. We thank the authors of Pic\u00F3-P\u00E9rez et al. for sharing their results with us. SS is supported by a Chinese Scholarship Council studentship with King\u2019s College London. This study represents independent research, partly funded by the NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship and Leadership 3 Investigator grant (1156072 and 2017131). The Hospital Clinic Barcelona - IDIBAPS cohort has been supported by the following funding agencies: the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), co-financed by the European Union, (PI18/00976, PI20/00654, PI02100330), Ajut a la Recerca Pons Bartran, the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation, Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award 2017) and Strategic Research and Innovation Plan in Health (PERIS), Department of Health, Government of Catalonia. CA, CDC and JJ are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), co-financed by the European Union, ERDF Funds from the European Commission, \u201CA way of making Europe\u201D, financed by the European Union - NextGenerationEU (PMP21/00051), PI19/01024, PI20/00721, JR19/00024. CIBERSAM, Madrid Regional Government (S2022/BMD-7216 (AGES 3-CM)), European Union Structural Funds, European Union Seventh Framework Program, European Union H2020 Program under the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking: Project PRISM-2 (Grant agreement No.101034377), Project AIMS-2-TRIALS (Grant agreement No 777394), Horizon Europe, the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 1U01MH124639-01 (Project ProNET) and Award Number 5P50MH115846-03 (project FEP-CAUSAL), Fundaci\u00F3n Familia Alonso, and Fundaci\u00F3n Alicia Koplowitz. YTOP cohort is supported by The Research Council of Norway (223273, 213700, 250358, 288083, 334326); South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2017112); KG Jebsen Stiftelsen (SKGJ-MED-008). SCAPS cohort is supported by The Swedish Research Council (521-2014-3487, 2017-00949); FORMAS (259-2012-31). RUND cohort is supported by South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (#2004-259, # 2006-186). MPP is supported by the grant RYC2021\u2010031228\u2010I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110 0011033 and by the \u201CEuropean Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR\u201D. PM\u2019s work has been partially funded by National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) - project UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020 and by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The study was partially funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Corrente 23. SIT, NJ, PMT were supported in part by NIH grants: R01AG059874, R01MH134004, R01MH116147, R01MH121246, and P41EB015922. JJC is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Emerging Leadership EL1 Fellowship (2008197). IBH is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Leadership 3 Fellowship (2016346).

Funders	Funder number
Fundación Familia Alonso
Strategic Research and Innovation Plan in Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
King's College London
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
National Institute of Mental Health
HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
Foundation for Science and Technology
Fundación Alicia Koplowitz
NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
Ministero della Salute
China Scholarship Council
European Union Seventh Framework Program
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
Ajut a la Recerca Pons Bartran
European Regional Development Fund
NARSAD
National Health and Medical Research Council	2008197, 2016346
Vetenskapsrådet	521-2014-3487, 2017-00949
National Institutes of Health	P41EB015922, 5P50MH115846-03, 1U01MH124639-01, R01MH116147, R01MH121246, R01AG059874, R01MH134004
National Institute for Health and Care Research	2017131, 1156072
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	101034377
Madrid Regional Government	S2022/BMD-7216
Norges forskningsråd	223273, 288083, 250358, 334326, 213700
Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas	MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110 0011033, 2006-186, 2004-259, 259-2012-31
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia	UIDP/50026/2020, UIDB/50026/2020, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039
KG Jebsen Stiftelsen	SKGJ-MED-008
European Commission	PI19/01024, JR19/00024, PMP21/00051, PI02100330, PI18/00976, PI20/00721, PI20/00654
Helse Sør-Øst RHF	2017112
Innovative Medicines Initiative	101034377, AIMS-2-TRIALS, 777394

Access to Document

10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1

Persistent URL (handle)

Persistent link

Cite this

Si, S., Bi, A., Yu, Z., See, C., Kelly, S., Ambrogi, S., Arango, C., Baeza, I., Banaj, N., Berk, M., Castro-Fornieles, J., Crespo-Facorro, B., Crouse, J. J., Díaz-Caneja, C. M., Fett, A. K., Fortea, A., Frangou, S., Goldstein, B. I., Hickie, I. B., ... Kempton, M. J. (2024). Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study. Molecular Psychiatry, 29(2), 496-504. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1

@article{29b1e6bea0894568bebf7c3acb80781c,

title = "Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study",

abstract = "Introduction: Regional gray matter (GM) alterations have been reported in early-onset psychosis (EOP, onset before age 18), but previous studies have yielded conflicting results, likely due to small sample sizes and the different brain regions examined. In this study, we conducted a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in a large sample of individuals with EOP, using the newly developed ENIGMA-VBM tool. Methods: 15 independent cohorts from the ENIGMA-EOP working group participated in the study. The overall sample comprised T1-weighted MRI data from 482 individuals with EOP and 469 healthy controls. Each site performed the VBM analysis locally using the standardized ENIGMA-VBM tool. Statistical parametric T-maps were generated from each cohort and meta-analyzed to reveal voxel-wise differences between EOP and healthy controls as well as the individual-based association between GM volume and age of onset, chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalent dose, and other clinical variables. Results: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with EOP showed widespread lower GM volume encompassing most of the cortex, with the most marked effect in the left median cingulate (Hedges{\textquoteright} g = 0.55, p = 0.001 corrected), as well as small clusters of lower white matter (WM), whereas no regional GM or WM volumes were higher in EOP. Lower GM volume in the cerebellum, thalamus and left inferior parietal gyrus was associated with older age of onset. Deficits in GM in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right insula, right precentral gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus were also associated with higher CPZ equivalent doses. Conclusion: EOP is associated with widespread reductions in cortical GM volume, while WM is affected to a smaller extent. GM volume alterations are associated with age of onset and CPZ equivalent dose but these effects are small compared to case-control differences. Mapping anatomical abnormalities in EOP may lead to a better understanding of the role of psychosis in brain development during childhood and adolescence.",

author = "Shuqing Si and Anbreen Bi and Zhaoying Yu and Cheryl See and Sinead Kelly and Sonia Ambrogi and Celso Arango and Inmaculada Baeza and Nerisa Banaj and Michael Berk and Josefina Castro-Fornieles and Benedicto Crespo-Facorro and Crouse, \{Jacob J.\} and D{\'i}az-Caneja, \{Covadonga M.\} and Fett, \{Anne Kathrin\} and Adriana Fortea and Sophia Frangou and Goldstein, \{Benjamin I.\} and Hickie, \{Ian B.\} and Joost Janssen and Kennedy, \{Kody G.\} and Lydia Krabbendam and Marinos Kyriakopoulos and MacIntosh, \{Bradley J.\} and Pedro Morgado and Stener Nerland and Sa{\"u}l Pascual-Diaz and Maria Pic{\'o}-P{\'e}rez and Fabrizio Piras and Rund, \{Bj{\o}rn Rishovd\} and \{de la Serna\}, Elena and Gianfranco Spalletta and Gisela Sugranyes and Chao Suo and Diana Tordesillas-Guti{\'e}rrez and Daniela Vecchio and Joaquim Radua and Philip McGuire and Thomopoulos, \{Sophia I.\} and Neda Jahanshad and Thompson, \{Paul M.\} and Claudia Barth and Ingrid Agartz and Anthony James and Kempton, \{Matthew J.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2023.",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1",

language = "English",

volume = "29",

pages = "496--504",

journal = "Molecular Psychiatry",

issn = "1359-4184",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

number = "2",

}

Si, S, Bi, A, Yu, Z, See, C, Kelly, S, Ambrogi, S, Arango, C, Baeza, I, Banaj, N, Berk, M, Castro-Fornieles, J, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crouse, JJ, Díaz-Caneja, CM, Fett, AK, Fortea, A, Frangou, S, Goldstein, BI, Hickie, IB, Janssen, J, Kennedy, KG, Krabbendam, L, Kyriakopoulos, M, MacIntosh, BJ, Morgado, P, Nerland, S, Pascual-Diaz, S, Picó-Pérez, M, Piras, F, Rund, BR, de la Serna, E, Spalletta, G, Sugranyes, G, Suo, C, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D, Vecchio, D, Radua, J, McGuire, P, Thomopoulos, SI, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, PM, Barth, C, Agartz, I, James, A & Kempton, MJ 2024, 'Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 496-504. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1

TY - JOUR

T1 - Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis

T2 - an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study

AU - Si, Shuqing

AU - Bi, Anbreen

AU - Yu, Zhaoying

AU - See, Cheryl

AU - Kelly, Sinead

AU - Ambrogi, Sonia

AU - Arango, Celso

AU - Baeza, Inmaculada

AU - Banaj, Nerisa

AU - Berk, Michael

AU - Castro-Fornieles, Josefina

AU - Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto

AU - Crouse, Jacob J.

AU - Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M.

AU - Fett, Anne Kathrin

AU - Fortea, Adriana

AU - Frangou, Sophia

AU - Goldstein, Benjamin I.

AU - Hickie, Ian B.

AU - Janssen, Joost

AU - Kennedy, Kody G.

AU - Krabbendam, Lydia

AU - Kyriakopoulos, Marinos

AU - MacIntosh, Bradley J.

AU - Morgado, Pedro

AU - Nerland, Stener

AU - Pascual-Diaz, Saül

AU - Picó-Pérez, Maria

AU - Piras, Fabrizio

AU - Rund, Bjørn Rishovd

AU - de la Serna, Elena

AU - Spalletta, Gianfranco

AU - Sugranyes, Gisela

AU - Suo, Chao

AU - Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana

AU - Vecchio, Daniela

AU - Radua, Joaquim

AU - McGuire, Philip

AU - Thomopoulos, Sophia I.

AU - Jahanshad, Neda

AU - Thompson, Paul M.

AU - Barth, Claudia

AU - Agartz, Ingrid

AU - James, Anthony

AU - Kempton, Matthew J.

PY - 2024/2

Y1 - 2024/2

N2 - Introduction: Regional gray matter (GM) alterations have been reported in early-onset psychosis (EOP, onset before age 18), but previous studies have yielded conflicting results, likely due to small sample sizes and the different brain regions examined. In this study, we conducted a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in a large sample of individuals with EOP, using the newly developed ENIGMA-VBM tool. Methods: 15 independent cohorts from the ENIGMA-EOP working group participated in the study. The overall sample comprised T1-weighted MRI data from 482 individuals with EOP and 469 healthy controls. Each site performed the VBM analysis locally using the standardized ENIGMA-VBM tool. Statistical parametric T-maps were generated from each cohort and meta-analyzed to reveal voxel-wise differences between EOP and healthy controls as well as the individual-based association between GM volume and age of onset, chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalent dose, and other clinical variables. Results: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with EOP showed widespread lower GM volume encompassing most of the cortex, with the most marked effect in the left median cingulate (Hedges’ g = 0.55, p = 0.001 corrected), as well as small clusters of lower white matter (WM), whereas no regional GM or WM volumes were higher in EOP. Lower GM volume in the cerebellum, thalamus and left inferior parietal gyrus was associated with older age of onset. Deficits in GM in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right insula, right precentral gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus were also associated with higher CPZ equivalent doses. Conclusion: EOP is associated with widespread reductions in cortical GM volume, while WM is affected to a smaller extent. GM volume alterations are associated with age of onset and CPZ equivalent dose but these effects are small compared to case-control differences. Mapping anatomical abnormalities in EOP may lead to a better understanding of the role of psychosis in brain development during childhood and adolescence.

AB - Introduction: Regional gray matter (GM) alterations have been reported in early-onset psychosis (EOP, onset before age 18), but previous studies have yielded conflicting results, likely due to small sample sizes and the different brain regions examined. In this study, we conducted a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in a large sample of individuals with EOP, using the newly developed ENIGMA-VBM tool. Methods: 15 independent cohorts from the ENIGMA-EOP working group participated in the study. The overall sample comprised T1-weighted MRI data from 482 individuals with EOP and 469 healthy controls. Each site performed the VBM analysis locally using the standardized ENIGMA-VBM tool. Statistical parametric T-maps were generated from each cohort and meta-analyzed to reveal voxel-wise differences between EOP and healthy controls as well as the individual-based association between GM volume and age of onset, chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalent dose, and other clinical variables. Results: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with EOP showed widespread lower GM volume encompassing most of the cortex, with the most marked effect in the left median cingulate (Hedges’ g = 0.55, p = 0.001 corrected), as well as small clusters of lower white matter (WM), whereas no regional GM or WM volumes were higher in EOP. Lower GM volume in the cerebellum, thalamus and left inferior parietal gyrus was associated with older age of onset. Deficits in GM in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right insula, right precentral gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus were also associated with higher CPZ equivalent doses. Conclusion: EOP is associated with widespread reductions in cortical GM volume, while WM is affected to a smaller extent. GM volume alterations are associated with age of onset and CPZ equivalent dose but these effects are small compared to case-control differences. Mapping anatomical abnormalities in EOP may lead to a better understanding of the role of psychosis in brain development during childhood and adolescence.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85181879593

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85181879593#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1

DO - 10.1038/s41380-023-02343-1

M3 - Article

C2 - 38195979

AN - SCOPUS:85181879593

SN - 1359-4184

VL - 29

SP - 496

EP - 504

JO - Molecular Psychiatry

JF - Molecular Psychiatry

IS - 2

ER -

Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Access to Document

Persistent URL (handle)

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this