Micro and nanoplastics in the aquatic environment with special reference to synthetic fibers: Micro and nanoplastics in the aquatic environment with special reference to synthetic fibers

This chapter aims to present a summary of what is currently known about MNP pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Special attention will be given to synthetic fibers, which are a predominant type of MNP pollution. Factors influencing MNP uptake and absorption, their bioaccumulation and ecological effects will be considered as well. Case studies on phytoplankton and bivalves will be highlighted. We conclude by discussing important knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future work.