Microplastic fibers influence Ag toxicity and bioaccumulation in Eisenia andrei but not in Enchytraeus crypticus

P.S. Tourinho, S. Loureiro, V.S.S.L.P. Talluri, A. Dolar, R. Verweij, J. Chvojka, A. Michalcová, V. Kočí, C.A.M. van Gestel

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    Abstract

    Microplastic fibers (MF) are released from synthetic textiles during washing and end up in the wastewater. Similarly, silver nanoparticles (AgNP), incorporated in textiles as antimicrobial agents, are released in washing machines, also reaching the wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, both MF and AgNP co-exist in the environment and enter the soil compartment mainly via the application of biosolids. Yet, the combined effect of MF and AgNP has not been studied. Here, we assessed the effects of polyester MF on the toxicity of AgNP and AgNO3 to the earthworm Eisenia andrei and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus. The organisms were exposed to a range of concentration of AgNP (32, 100, 320, 1000, 3200 mg Ag/kg) and AgNO3 (12.8, 32, 80, 200, 500 mg Ag/kg) in LUFA 2.2 soil in the absence or presence of MF (0.01% DW). Reproduction tests were conducted and the toxicity outcomes compared between soils with and without MF. The exposure to MF caused a decrease in the number of juveniles and changed the biochemical composition of earthworms. Moreover, the presence of MF increased the toxicity of AgNP to earthworm reproduction (EC50 = 165 mg Ag/kg) when compared to AgNP exposure alone (EC50 = 450 mg Ag/kg), but did not alter the toxicity of AgNO3 (EC50 = 40 mg Ag/kg). For enchytraeids, no significant difference in Ag toxicity could be detected when MF was added to the soil for both AgNP and AgNO3. Overall, Ag bioaccumulation was not affected by MF, except for a decrease in earthworm body concentration at the highest Ag soil concentration (3200 mg Ag/kg). Our results suggest that the presence of MF in the soil compartment may be a cause of concern, and that the joint exposure to Ag may be deleterious depending on the Ag form, organism, and endpoint. The present work provides the first evidence that a realistic MF concentration in soil lowers AgNP concentration necessary to provoke reproductive impairment in earthworms. The influence of MF on the risk assessment of AgNP should be considered.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)1216-1226
    Number of pages11
    JournalEcotoxicology
    Volume30
    Issue number6
    Early online date27 May 2021
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Aug 2021

    Funding

    This work was supported by the European Structural and Investment Funds, OP RDE-funded project ‘CHEMFELLS4UCTP’ (No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/17_050/0008485) and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the European Union (European Structural and Investment Funds - Operational Programme Research, Development and Education) in the frames of the project “Modular platform for autonomous chassis of specialized electric vehicles for freight and equipment transportation”, Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007293. Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. This work was supported by the European Structural and Investment Funds, OP RDE-funded project ‘CHEMFELLS4UCTP’ (No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/17_050/0008485) and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the European Union (European Structural and Investment Funds - Operational Programme Research, Development and Education) in the frames of the project “Modular platform for autonomous chassis of specialized electric vehicles for freight and equipment transportation”, Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007293.

    FundersFunder number
    Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro
    European CommissionCZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007293
    Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
    Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
    Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior

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