Mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms: Mediation by psychological eating styles

L. H.H. Winkens; T. van Strien; I. A. Brouwer; B. W.J.H. Penninx; M. Visser

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.009

Mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms: Mediation by psychological eating styles

L. H.H. Winkens^*, T. van Strien, I. A. Brouwer, B. W.J.H. Penninx, M. Visser

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Earlier cross-sectional research showed that a higher level of mindful eating is associated with less depression. This study investigated associations of attentive mindful eating with change in depressive symptoms, as well as mediation by psychological eating styles, in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 946). The mindful eating domains Focused Eating, Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues, Eating with Awareness and Eating without Distraction were measured by the Mindful Eating Behavior Scale. Three-year change in depressive symptoms was measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Emotional, external and restrained eating were measured by the 20-item version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Higher baseline scores on Focused Eating, Eating with Awareness and Eating without Distraction were associated with a 3-year decrease in depressive symptoms. Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues was not associated with a change in depressive symptoms. Multiple mediation models showed mediation by external eating for the domains Eating with Awareness, Eating without Distraction, and Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues, but no mediation by emotional and restrained eating. No mediation by the eating styles was found for Focused Eating. In this study, higher scores on three mindful eating domains were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest that three domains are associated with depression through external eating.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	204-211
Number of pages	8
Journal	Appetite
Volume	133
Early online date	13 Nov 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.009
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2019

Funding

Funding for this paper was provided by the European Union FP7 MooDFOOD Project ‘Multi-country cOllaborative project on the rOle of Diet, FOod-related behaviour, and Obesity in the prevention of Depression’ (grant agreement no. 613598 ). The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam is supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports , Directorate of Long-Term Care. The data collection in 2012–2013 was financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research ( NWO ) in the framework of the project “New Cohorts of young old in the 21st century” (file number 480-10-014 ). Appendix A

Funders	Funder number
Netherlands Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports , Directorate of Long-Term Care
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	480-10-014
Seventh Framework Programme	613598

Keywords

Depressive symptoms
Eating styles
Mediation analysis
mindful eating
Prospective analysis

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Mindful eating and change in depressive symptomsFinal published version, 750 KBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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title = "Mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms: Mediation by psychological eating styles",

abstract = "Earlier cross-sectional research showed that a higher level of mindful eating is associated with less depression. This study investigated associations of attentive mindful eating with change in depressive symptoms, as well as mediation by psychological eating styles, in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 946). The mindful eating domains Focused Eating, Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues, Eating with Awareness and Eating without Distraction were measured by the Mindful Eating Behavior Scale. Three-year change in depressive symptoms was measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Emotional, external and restrained eating were measured by the 20-item version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Higher baseline scores on Focused Eating, Eating with Awareness and Eating without Distraction were associated with a 3-year decrease in depressive symptoms. Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues was not associated with a change in depressive symptoms. Multiple mediation models showed mediation by external eating for the domains Eating with Awareness, Eating without Distraction, and Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues, but no mediation by emotional and restrained eating. No mediation by the eating styles was found for Focused Eating. In this study, higher scores on three mindful eating domains were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest that three domains are associated with depression through external eating.",

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Mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms: Mediation by psychological eating styles

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