Moving from traits to the dynamic process: The next steps in research on human resilience

The current literature on resilience shows a trend towards a dynamic process conceptualization, moving away from the previous trait-approach. However, the term “dynamic” is increasingly treated as a buzzword and is thereby oversimplified in the literature. The aim of this article is to develop a unified language pertaining to resilience as a dynamic process, so as to ensure progress in this field. First, we briefly introduce the traditional trait approach alongside the implicit assumption on which it is built. Next, we contrast this approach by discussing what dynamics entail and how this approach differs from mainstream psychological approaches. Specifically, dynamics argue for mapping out a change process per se, rather than identifying whether or not a change has occurred through simple linear fit models. These dynamic processes typically emerge from complex interactions between multiple variables, which result in nonlinear patterns like sudden gains or losses. Consequently, we advocate for future research avenues built on repeated measurements at high frequencies that result time series data which provides insights into how the resilience process unfolds over time. Gaining insights into such temporal patterns also has a direct influence on practical applications including approaches for both prevention and psychotherapy.