Multi-stakeholder networks in the higher education context: a configurative literature review of university-community interactions

Driven by the demand to address complex societal issues, stakeholders from higher education and society increasingly form multi-stakeholder networks. Despite their potential, realising such networks proves complex, often yielding elusive outcomes. To explore how multi-stakeholder networks navigate these complexities, this configurative literature review analyses 17 cases, revealing patterns in university-community interactions across network formation, implementation, and outcomes. Two primary modes emerged: the Centralised (or University-Centred) mode, characterised by university dominance, and the Polycentric (or Collaborative) mode, emphasising cooperative relationships. Existing on a continuum rather than as distinct categories, these modes provide a framework to interpret collaborative- and decision-making processes that occur within multi-stakeholder networks, shaping what is recognised as knowledge, and identifying who benefits most. This modal awareness enhances the potential of multi-stakeholder networks in higher education. Future research could explore the multiplicity of community perspectives. Our study serves as a stepping stone for advancing multi-stakeholder network theory and practice.