Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship

Dylan Craven; Nico Eisenhauer; William D. Pearse; Yann Hautier; Forest Isbell; Christiane Roscher; Michael Bahn; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Gerhard Bönisch; Nina Buchmann; Chaeho Byun; Jane A. Catford; Bruno E.L. Cerabolini; J. Hans C. Cornelissen; Joseph M. Craine; Enrica De Luca; Anne Ebeling; John N. Griffin; Andy Hector; Jes Hines; Anke Jentsch; Jens Kattge; Jürgen Kreyling; Vojtech Lanta; Nathan Lemoine; Sebastian T. Meyer; Vanessa Minden; Vladimir Onipchenko; H. Wayne Polley; Peter B. Reich; Jasper van Ruijven; Brandon Schamp; Melinda D. Smith; Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia; David Tilman; Alexandra Weigelt; Brian Wilsey; Peter Manning

doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0647-7

Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship

Dylan Craven^*, Nico Eisenhauer, William D. Pearse, Yann Hautier, Forest Isbell, Christiane Roscher, Michael Bahn, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Gerhard Bönisch, Nina Buchmann, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E.L. Cerabolini, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Joseph M. Craine, Enrica De Luca, Anne Ebeling, John N. Griffin, Andy Hector, Jes HinesAnke Jentsch, Jens Kattge, Jürgen Kreyling, Vojtech Lanta, Nathan Lemoine, Sebastian T. Meyer, Vanessa Minden, Vladimir Onipchenko, H. Wayne Polley, Peter B. Reich, Jasper van Ruijven, Brandon Schamp, Melinda D. Smith, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, David Tilman, Alexandra Weigelt, Brian Wilsey, Peter Manning

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated that biodiversity stabilizes ecosystem functioning over time in grassland ecosystems. However, the relative importance of different facets of biodiversity underlying the diversity–stability relationship remains unclear. Here we use data from 39 grassland biodiversity experiments and structural equation modelling to investigate the roles of species richness, phylogenetic diversity and both the diversity and community-weighted mean of functional traits representing the ‘fast–slow’ leaf economics spectrum in driving the diversity–stability relationship. We found that high species richness and phylogenetic diversity stabilize biomass production via enhanced asynchrony in the performance of co-occurring species. Contrary to expectations, low phylogenetic diversity enhances ecosystem stability directly, albeit weakly. While the diversity of fast–slow functional traits has a weak effect on ecosystem stability, communities dominated by slow species enhance ecosystem stability by increasing mean biomass production relative to the standard deviation of biomass over time. Our in-depth, integrative assessment of factors influencing the diversity–stability relationship demonstrates a more multicausal relationship than has been previously acknowledged.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1579-1587
Number of pages	9
Journal	Nature Ecology and Evolution
Volume	2
Issue number	10
Early online date	27 Aug 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0647-7
Publication status	Published - Oct 2018

Funding

This paper is a product of the sTability group funded by sDiv (www.idiv.de/stability), the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118). The Jena Experiment is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation; FOR 1451) and the Swiss National Science Foundation. The Cedar Creek biodiversity experiments were supported by awards from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research (grant numbers DEB-9411972, DEB-0080382, DEB-0620652 and DEB-1234162), Biocomplexity Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles (DEB-0322057), Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (DEB-0716587, DEB-1242531) and Ecosystem Sciences (NSF DEB-1120064) Programs, as well as the US Department of Energy Programs for Ecosystem Research (DE-FG02-96ER62291) and National Institute for Climatic Change Research (DE-FC02-06ER64158). The Texas MEND study was funded by US-NSF DEB-0639417 and USDA-NIFA-2014-67003-22067. The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.try-db. org). TRY is currently supported by DIVERSITAS/Future Earth and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. V.O. received financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (14-50-00029). The authors would also like to thank J. Lefcheck for his help in revising the structural equation models.

Funders	Funder number
Biocomplexity Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles	DEB-0322057
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology	DEB-1242531, DEB-0716587, DEB-1120064
National Institute for Climatic Change Research	DE-FC02-06ER64158
Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig	FZT 118
US Department of Energy Programs for Ecosystem Research	DE-FG02-96ER62291
US National Science Foundation
US-NSF	DEB-0639417, USDA-NIFA-2014-67003-22067
National Science Foundation	DEB-1234162, DEB-9411972, DEB-0080382, DEB-0620652
Directorate for Biological Sciences	1234162
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	FOR 1451
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Russian Science Foundation	14-50-00029
iDiv

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationshipAccepted author manuscript, 2.19 MBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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Craven, D., Eisenhauer, N., Pearse, W. D., Hautier, Y., Isbell, F., Roscher, C., Bahn, M., Beierkuhnlein, C., Bönisch, G., Buchmann, N., Byun, C., Catford, J. A., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Craine, J. M., De Luca, E., Ebeling, A., Griffin, J. N., Hector, A., ... Manning, P. (2018). Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2(10), 1579-1587. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0647-7

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abstract = "A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated that biodiversity stabilizes ecosystem functioning over time in grassland ecosystems. However, the relative importance of different facets of biodiversity underlying the diversity–stability relationship remains unclear. Here we use data from 39 grassland biodiversity experiments and structural equation modelling to investigate the roles of species richness, phylogenetic diversity and both the diversity and community-weighted mean of functional traits representing the {\textquoteleft}fast–slow{\textquoteright} leaf economics spectrum in driving the diversity–stability relationship. We found that high species richness and phylogenetic diversity stabilize biomass production via enhanced asynchrony in the performance of co-occurring species. Contrary to expectations, low phylogenetic diversity enhances ecosystem stability directly, albeit weakly. While the diversity of fast–slow functional traits has a weak effect on ecosystem stability, communities dominated by slow species enhance ecosystem stability by increasing mean biomass production relative to the standard deviation of biomass over time. Our in-depth, integrative assessment of factors influencing the diversity–stability relationship demonstrates a more multicausal relationship than has been previously acknowledged.",

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Craven, D, Eisenhauer, N, Pearse, WD, Hautier, Y, Isbell, F, Roscher, C, Bahn, M, Beierkuhnlein, C, Bönisch, G, Buchmann, N, Byun, C, Catford, JA, Cerabolini, BEL, Cornelissen, JHC, Craine, JM, De Luca, E, Ebeling, A, Griffin, JN, Hector, A, Hines, J, Jentsch, A, Kattge, J, Kreyling, J, Lanta, V, Lemoine, N, Meyer, ST, Minden, V, Onipchenko, V, Polley, HW, Reich, PB, van Ruijven, J, Schamp, B, Smith, MD, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Tilman, D, Weigelt, A, Wilsey, B & Manning, P 2018, 'Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship', Nature Ecology and Evolution, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 1579-1587. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0647-7

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AU - Craven, Dylan

AU - Eisenhauer, Nico

AU - Pearse, William D.

AU - Hautier, Yann

AU - Isbell, Forest

AU - Roscher, Christiane

AU - Bahn, Michael

AU - Beierkuhnlein, Carl

AU - Bönisch, Gerhard

AU - Buchmann, Nina

AU - Byun, Chaeho

AU - Catford, Jane A.

AU - Cerabolini, Bruno E.L.

AU - Cornelissen, J. Hans C.

AU - Craine, Joseph M.

AU - De Luca, Enrica

AU - Ebeling, Anne

AU - Griffin, John N.

AU - Hector, Andy

AU - Hines, Jes

AU - Jentsch, Anke

AU - Kattge, Jens

AU - Kreyling, Jürgen

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AU - Onipchenko, Vladimir

AU - Polley, H. Wayne

AU - Reich, Peter B.

AU - van Ruijven, Jasper

AU - Schamp, Brandon

AU - Smith, Melinda D.

AU - Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.

AU - Tilman, David

AU - Weigelt, Alexandra

AU - Wilsey, Brian

AU - Manning, Peter

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Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship

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