Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies

Ellen Generaal; Emiel O. Hoogendijk; Mariska Stam; Celina E. Henke; Femke Rutters; Mirjam Oosterman; Martijn Huisman; Sophia E. Kramer; Petra J.M. Elders; Erik J. Timmermans; Jeroen Lakerveld; Eric Koomen; Margreet Ten Have; Ron De Graaf; Marieke B. Snijder; Karien Stronks; Gonneke Willemsen; Dorret I. Boomsma; Johannes H. Smit; Brenda W.J.H. Penninx

doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.100

Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies

Ellen Generaal, Emiel O. Hoogendijk, Mariska Stam, Celina E. Henke, Femke Rutters, Mirjam Oosterman, Martijn Huisman, Sophia E. Kramer, Petra J.M. Elders, Erik J. Timmermans, Jeroen Lakerveld, Eric Koomen, Margreet Ten Have, Ron De Graaf, Marieke B. Snijder, Karien Stronks, Gonneke Willemsen, Dorret I. Boomsma, Johannes H. Smit, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies on neighbourhood characteristics and depression show equivocal results.AimsThis large-scale pooled analysis examines whether urbanisation, socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with the prevalence and severity of depression.

METHOD: Cross-sectional design including data are from eight Dutch cohort studies (n = 32 487). Prevalence of depression, either DSM-IV diagnosis of depressive disorder or scoring for moderately severe depression on symptom scales, and continuous depression severity scores were analysed. Neighbourhood characteristics were linked using postal codes and included (a) urbanisation grade, (b) socioeconomic characteristics: socioeconomic status, home value, social security beneficiaries and non-Dutch ancestry, (c) physical characteristics: air pollution, traffic noise and availability of green space and water, and (d) social characteristics: social cohesion and safety. Multilevel regression analyses were adjusted for the individual's age, gender, educational level and income. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis.

RESULTS: The pooled analysis showed that higher urbanisation grade (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10), lower socioeconomic status (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.95), higher number of social security beneficiaries (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.19), higher percentage of non-Dutch residents (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), higher levels of air pollution (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), less green space (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99) and less social safety (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97) were associated with higher prevalence of depression. All four socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics and social safety were also consistently associated with continuous depression severity scores.

CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale pooled analysis across eight Dutch cohort studies shows that urbanisation and various socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with depression, indicating that a wide range of environmental aspects may relate to poor mental health.Declaration of interestNone.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	468-475
Number of pages	8
Journal	The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
Volume	215
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.100
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2019

Keywords

cohort studies
environment
geographic information systems
Mental health
neighbourhood

Cohort Studies

Netherlands Twin Register (NTR)

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1192/bjp.2019.100

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Generaal, E., Hoogendijk, E. O., Stam, M., Henke, C. E., Rutters, F., Oosterman, M., Huisman, M., Kramer, S. E., Elders, P. J. M., Timmermans, E. J., Lakerveld, J., Koomen, E., Ten Have, M., De Graaf, R., Snijder, M. B., Stronks, K., Willemsen, G., Boomsma, D. I., Smit, J. H., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2019). Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 215(2), 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.100

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title = "Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Studies on neighbourhood characteristics and depression show equivocal results.AimsThis large-scale pooled analysis examines whether urbanisation, socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with the prevalence and severity of depression.METHOD: Cross-sectional design including data are from eight Dutch cohort studies (n = 32 487). Prevalence of depression, either DSM-IV diagnosis of depressive disorder or scoring for moderately severe depression on symptom scales, and continuous depression severity scores were analysed. Neighbourhood characteristics were linked using postal codes and included (a) urbanisation grade, (b) socioeconomic characteristics: socioeconomic status, home value, social security beneficiaries and non-Dutch ancestry, (c) physical characteristics: air pollution, traffic noise and availability of green space and water, and (d) social characteristics: social cohesion and safety. Multilevel regression analyses were adjusted for the individual's age, gender, educational level and income. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis.RESULTS: The pooled analysis showed that higher urbanisation grade (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10), lower socioeconomic status (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.95), higher number of social security beneficiaries (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.19), higher percentage of non-Dutch residents (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), higher levels of air pollution (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), less green space (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99) and less social safety (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97) were associated with higher prevalence of depression. All four socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics and social safety were also consistently associated with continuous depression severity scores.CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale pooled analysis across eight Dutch cohort studies shows that urbanisation and various socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with depression, indicating that a wide range of environmental aspects may relate to poor mental health.Declaration of interestNone.",

keywords = "cohort studies, environment, geographic information systems, Mental health, neighbourhood",

author = "Ellen Generaal and Hoogendijk, {Emiel O.} and Mariska Stam and Henke, {Celina E.} and Femke Rutters and Mirjam Oosterman and Martijn Huisman and Kramer, {Sophia E.} and Elders, {Petra J.M.} and Timmermans, {Erik J.} and Jeroen Lakerveld and Eric Koomen and {Ten Have}, Margreet and {De Graaf}, Ron and Snijder, {Marieke B.} and Karien Stronks and Gonneke Willemsen and Boomsma, {Dorret I.} and Smit, {Johannes H.} and Penninx, {Brenda W.J.H.}",

year = "2019",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1192/bjp.2019.100",

language = "English",

volume = "215",

pages = "468--475",

journal = "The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science",

issn = "0007-1250",

publisher = "Royal College of Psychiatrists",

number = "2",

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Generaal, E, Hoogendijk, EO, Stam, M, Henke, CE, Rutters, F, Oosterman, M , Huisman, M, Kramer, SE, Elders, PJM, Timmermans, EJ, Lakerveld, J, Koomen, E, Ten Have, M, De Graaf, R, Snijder, MB, Stronks, K, Willemsen, G, Boomsma, DI, Smit, JH & Penninx, BWJH 2019, 'Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies', The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, vol. 215, no. 2, pp. 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.100

Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies. / Generaal, Ellen; Hoogendijk, Emiel O.; Stam, Mariska et al.
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, Vol. 215, No. 2, 01.08.2019, p. 468-475.

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression

T2 - pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies

AU - Generaal, Ellen

AU - Hoogendijk, Emiel O.

AU - Stam, Mariska

AU - Henke, Celina E.

AU - Rutters, Femke

AU - Oosterman, Mirjam

AU - Huisman, Martijn

AU - Kramer, Sophia E.

AU - Elders, Petra J.M.

AU - Timmermans, Erik J.

AU - Lakerveld, Jeroen

AU - Koomen, Eric

AU - Ten Have, Margreet

AU - De Graaf, Ron

AU - Snijder, Marieke B.

AU - Stronks, Karien

AU - Willemsen, Gonneke

AU - Boomsma, Dorret I.

AU - Smit, Johannes H.

AU - Penninx, Brenda W.J.H.

PY - 2019/8/1

Y1 - 2019/8/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Studies on neighbourhood characteristics and depression show equivocal results.AimsThis large-scale pooled analysis examines whether urbanisation, socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with the prevalence and severity of depression.METHOD: Cross-sectional design including data are from eight Dutch cohort studies (n = 32 487). Prevalence of depression, either DSM-IV diagnosis of depressive disorder or scoring for moderately severe depression on symptom scales, and continuous depression severity scores were analysed. Neighbourhood characteristics were linked using postal codes and included (a) urbanisation grade, (b) socioeconomic characteristics: socioeconomic status, home value, social security beneficiaries and non-Dutch ancestry, (c) physical characteristics: air pollution, traffic noise and availability of green space and water, and (d) social characteristics: social cohesion and safety. Multilevel regression analyses were adjusted for the individual's age, gender, educational level and income. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis.RESULTS: The pooled analysis showed that higher urbanisation grade (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10), lower socioeconomic status (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.95), higher number of social security beneficiaries (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.19), higher percentage of non-Dutch residents (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), higher levels of air pollution (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), less green space (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99) and less social safety (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97) were associated with higher prevalence of depression. All four socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics and social safety were also consistently associated with continuous depression severity scores.CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale pooled analysis across eight Dutch cohort studies shows that urbanisation and various socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with depression, indicating that a wide range of environmental aspects may relate to poor mental health.Declaration of interestNone.

AB - BACKGROUND: Studies on neighbourhood characteristics and depression show equivocal results.AimsThis large-scale pooled analysis examines whether urbanisation, socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with the prevalence and severity of depression.METHOD: Cross-sectional design including data are from eight Dutch cohort studies (n = 32 487). Prevalence of depression, either DSM-IV diagnosis of depressive disorder or scoring for moderately severe depression on symptom scales, and continuous depression severity scores were analysed. Neighbourhood characteristics were linked using postal codes and included (a) urbanisation grade, (b) socioeconomic characteristics: socioeconomic status, home value, social security beneficiaries and non-Dutch ancestry, (c) physical characteristics: air pollution, traffic noise and availability of green space and water, and (d) social characteristics: social cohesion and safety. Multilevel regression analyses were adjusted for the individual's age, gender, educational level and income. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis.RESULTS: The pooled analysis showed that higher urbanisation grade (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10), lower socioeconomic status (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.95), higher number of social security beneficiaries (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.19), higher percentage of non-Dutch residents (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), higher levels of air pollution (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), less green space (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99) and less social safety (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97) were associated with higher prevalence of depression. All four socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics and social safety were also consistently associated with continuous depression severity scores.CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale pooled analysis across eight Dutch cohort studies shows that urbanisation and various socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with depression, indicating that a wide range of environmental aspects may relate to poor mental health.Declaration of interestNone.

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KW - environment

KW - geographic information systems

KW - Mental health

KW - neighbourhood

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JO - The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science

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Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies

Abstract

Keywords

Cohort Studies

UN SDGs

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Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam 2017-2020

Cite this

Neighbourhood characteristics and prevalence and severity of depression: pooled analysis of eight Dutch cohort studies

Abstract

Keywords

Cohort Studies

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Persistent URL (handle)

Other files and links

Fingerprint

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Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam 2017-2020

Cite this