Netherlands

In 1948, garden and landscape architecture were established fields in the Netherlands. The Dutch Federation of Garden Architects BNT was founded in 1922, but education in garden architecture already existed since the late 1900s and was offered at different levels in several schools, such as Boskoop and Frederiksoord. In 1946, Jan T.P. Bijhouwer (1898-1974) was appointed as the first professor in garden and landscape architecture at the National Agricultural College in Wageningen, and in 1948 also at the Polytechnic in Delft.
Four Dutch participants attended the International Landscape Architects Conference in London in 1948: garden and landscape architect Catharina (Toos) Polak Daniels (1904-1989) of the Dutch Federation of Garden Architects BNT, garden architect Pieter N. Neven (1913-1999) of the Royal Dutch Association for Horticulture and Botany KNMTP, urban planner Paul Kessler (1917-2012) of Delft Polytechnic and the city of Rotterdam, and student in garden architecture H. Hageraats