Abstract
Objective: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may account for inconsistencies in findings on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. Our aim was to assess cool and hot executive functioning (EF) and temporal processing in ADHD with and without comorbid ODD to elucidate the effects of comorbid ODD. Method: ADHD-only (n = 82), ADHD + ODD (n = 82), and controls (n = 82), with mean age 16 years (SD = 3.1), matched for age, gender, IQ, and ADHD type (clinical groups) were assessed on cool EF (inhibition, working memory), hot EF (reinforcement processing, emotion recognition), and temporal processing (time production and reproduction). Results: Individuals with ADHD + ODD showed abnormalities in inhibition, working memory, facial emotion recognition, and temporal processing, whereas individuals with ADHD-only were solely impaired in working memory and time production. Conclusion: Findings suggest that ODD carries a substantial part of the EF deficits observed in ADHD and contrast with current theories of neurocognitive impairments in ADHD.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1317-1329 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Journal of attention disorders |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 9 |
Early online date | 20 Oct 2015 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jul 2020 |
Funding
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by NIH grant (R01MH62873), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Large Investment Grant (1750102007010), and grants from Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen and Accare, and VU Amsterdam. Barbara Franke was supported by grants from NWO, that is the NWO Brain & Cognition Excellence Program (Grant 433-09-229) and a Vici grant (Grant 016-130-669). She also received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreements (602805 [Aggressotype] and 602450 [IMAGEMEND]), from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme under a grant agreement (643051 [MiND]), and from the BD2K Initiative of NIH (Grant U54 EB020403). Dr. Faraone is supported by the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under a grant agreement (602805) and Grants R13MH059126 and R01MH094469 from NIMH.
Funders | Funder number |
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European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme | U54 EB020403, 643051 |
K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research | |
VU AMSTERDAM | 016-130-669, 433-09-229 |
National Institutes of Health | R01MH62873 |
National Institute of Mental Health | R01MH094469, R13MH059126 |
Seventh Framework Programme | 602805, 602450 |
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | 1750102007010 |
Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum |
Keywords
- ADHD
- comorbidity
- emotion processing
- executive functioning
- ODD
- temporal processing