Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Siri D.S. Noordermeer; Marjolein Luman; Jan K. Buitelaar; Catharina A. Hartman; Pieter J. Hoekstra; Barbara Franke; Stephen V. Faraone; Dirk J. Heslenfeld; Jaap Oosterlaan

doi:10.1177/1087054715606216

Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Siri D.S. Noordermeer^*
, Marjolein Luman
, Jan K. Buitelaar
, Catharina A. Hartman
, Pieter J. Hoekstra
, Barbara Franke
, Stephen V. Faraone
, Dirk J. Heslenfeld
, Jaap Oosterlaan

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Objective: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may account for inconsistencies in findings on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. Our aim was to assess cool and hot executive functioning (EF) and temporal processing in ADHD with and without comorbid ODD to elucidate the effects of comorbid ODD. Method: ADHD-only (n = 82), ADHD + ODD (n = 82), and controls (n = 82), with mean age 16 years (SD = 3.1), matched for age, gender, IQ, and ADHD type (clinical groups) were assessed on cool EF (inhibition, working memory), hot EF (reinforcement processing, emotion recognition), and temporal processing (time production and reproduction). Results: Individuals with ADHD + ODD showed abnormalities in inhibition, working memory, facial emotion recognition, and temporal processing, whereas individuals with ADHD-only were solely impaired in working memory and time production. Conclusion: Findings suggest that ODD carries a substantial part of the EF deficits observed in ADHD and contrast with current theories of neurocognitive impairments in ADHD.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1317-1329
Number of pages	13
Journal	Journal of attention disorders
Volume	24
Issue number	9
Early online date	20 Oct 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715606216
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2020

Funding

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by NIH grant (R01MH62873), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Large Investment Grant (1750102007010), and grants from Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen and Accare, and VU Amsterdam. Barbara Franke was supported by grants from NWO, that is the NWO Brain & Cognition Excellence Program (Grant 433-09-229) and a Vici grant (Grant 016-130-669). She also received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreements (602805 [Aggressotype] and 602450 [IMAGEMEND]), from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme under a grant agreement (643051 [MiND]), and from the BD2K Initiative of NIH (Grant U54 EB020403). Dr. Faraone is supported by the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under a grant agreement (602805) and Grants R13MH059126 and R01MH094469 from NIMH.

Funders	Funder number
K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research
National Institutes of Health
European Commission
Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum
Seventh Framework Programme	602805, R01MH094469, 602450, R13MH059126
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	1750102007010, 016.130.669
National Institute of Mental Health	R01MH062873, R01MH094469, R13MH059126
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering	U54EB020403
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	643051, 728018
VU AMSTERDAM	433-09-229
European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme	U54 EB020403

Keywords

ADHD
comorbidity
emotion processing
executive functioning
ODD
temporal processing

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10.1177/1087054715606216

Neurocognitive Deficits in AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant DisorderFinal published version, 120 KBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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Noordermeer, S. D. S., Luman, M., Buitelaar, J. K., Hartman, C. A., Hoekstra, P. J., Franke, B., Faraone, S. V., Heslenfeld, D. J., & Oosterlaan, J. (2020). Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Journal of attention disorders, 24(9), 1317-1329. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715606216

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abstract = "Objective: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may account for inconsistencies in findings on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. Our aim was to assess cool and hot executive functioning (EF) and temporal processing in ADHD with and without comorbid ODD to elucidate the effects of comorbid ODD. Method: ADHD-only (n = 82), ADHD + ODD (n = 82), and controls (n = 82), with mean age 16 years (SD = 3.1), matched for age, gender, IQ, and ADHD type (clinical groups) were assessed on cool EF (inhibition, working memory), hot EF (reinforcement processing, emotion recognition), and temporal processing (time production and reproduction). Results: Individuals with ADHD + ODD showed abnormalities in inhibition, working memory, facial emotion recognition, and temporal processing, whereas individuals with ADHD-only were solely impaired in working memory and time production. Conclusion: Findings suggest that ODD carries a substantial part of the EF deficits observed in ADHD and contrast with current theories of neurocognitive impairments in ADHD.",

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AB - Objective: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may account for inconsistencies in findings on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. Our aim was to assess cool and hot executive functioning (EF) and temporal processing in ADHD with and without comorbid ODD to elucidate the effects of comorbid ODD. Method: ADHD-only (n = 82), ADHD + ODD (n = 82), and controls (n = 82), with mean age 16 years (SD = 3.1), matched for age, gender, IQ, and ADHD type (clinical groups) were assessed on cool EF (inhibition, working memory), hot EF (reinforcement processing, emotion recognition), and temporal processing (time production and reproduction). Results: Individuals with ADHD + ODD showed abnormalities in inhibition, working memory, facial emotion recognition, and temporal processing, whereas individuals with ADHD-only were solely impaired in working memory and time production. Conclusion: Findings suggest that ODD carries a substantial part of the EF deficits observed in ADHD and contrast with current theories of neurocognitive impairments in ADHD.

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Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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