Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network

K. Ackley; V.B. Adya; P. Agrawal; P. Altin; G. Ashton; M. Bailes; E. Baltinas; A. Barbuio; D. Beniwal; C. Blair; D. Blair; G.N. Bolingbroke; V. Bossilkov; S. Shachar Boublil; D.D. Brown; B.J. Burridge; J. Calderon Bustillo; J. Cameron; H. Tuong Cao; J.B. Carlin; S. Chang; P. Charlton; C. Chatterjee; D. Chattopadhyay; X. Chen; J. Chi; J. Chow; Q. Chu; A. Ciobanu; T. Clarke; P. Clearwater; J. Cooke; D. Coward; H. Crisp; R.J. Dattatri; A.T. Deller; D.A. Dobie; L. Dunn; P.J. Easter; J. Eichholz; R. Evans; C. Flynn; G. Foran; P. Forsyth; Y. Gai; S. Galaudage; D.K. Galloway; B. Gendre; B. Goncharov; S. Goode; D. Gozzard; B. Grace; A.W. Graham; A. Heger; F. Hernandez Vivanco; R. Hirai; N.A. Holland; Z.J. Holmes; E. Howard; E. Howell; G. Howitt; M.T. Hübner; J. Hurley; C. Ingram; V. Jaberian Hamedan; K. Jenner; L. Ju; D.P. Kapasi; T. Kaur; N. Kijbunchoo; M. Kovalam; R. Kumar Choudhary; P.D. Lasky; M.Y.M. Lau; J. Leung; J. Liu; K. Loh; A. Mailvagan; I. Mandel; J.J. McCann; D.E. McClelland; K. McKenzie; D. McManus; T. McRae; A. Melatos; P. Meyers; H. Middleton; M.T. Miles; M. Millhouse; Y. Lun Mong; B. Mueller; J. Munch; J. Musiov; S. Muusse; R.S. Nathan; Y. Naveh; C. Neijssel; B. Neil; S.W.S. Ng; V. Oloworaran; D.J. Ottaway; M. Page; J. Pan; M. Pathak; E. Payne; J. Powell; J. Pritchard; E. Puckridge; A. Raidani; V. Rallabhandi; D. Reardon; J.A. Riley; L. Roberts; I.M. Romero-Shaw; T.J. Roocke; G. Rowell; N. Sahu; N. Sarin; L. Sarre; H. Sattari; M. Schiworski; S.M. Scott; R. Sengar; D. Shaddock; R. Shannon; J. Shi; P. Sibley; B.J.J. Slagmolen; T. Slaven-Blair; R.J.E. Smith; J. Spollard; L. Steed; L. Strang; H. Sun; A. Sunderland; S. Suvorova; C. Talbot; E. Thrane; D. Töyrä; P. Trahanas; A. Vajpeyi; J.V. Van Heijningen; A.F. Vargas; P.J. Veitch; A. Vigna-Gomez; A. Wade; K. Walker; Z. Wang; R.L. Ward; K. Ward; S. Webb; L. Wen; K. Wette; R. Wilcox; J. Winterflood; C. Wolf; B. Wu; M. Jet Yap; Z. You; H. Yu; J. Zhang; J. Zhang; C. Zhao; X. Zhu

doi:10.1017/pasa.2020.39

Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network

K. Ackley, V.B. Adya, P. Agrawal, P. Altin, G. Ashton, M. Bailes, E. Baltinas, A. Barbuio, D. Beniwal, C. Blair, D. Blair, G.N. Bolingbroke, V. Bossilkov, S. Shachar Boublil, D.D. Brown, B.J. Burridge, J. Calderon Bustillo, J. Cameron, H. Tuong Cao, J.B. CarlinS. Chang, P. Charlton, C. Chatterjee, D. Chattopadhyay, X. Chen, J. Chi, J. Chow, Q. Chu, A. Ciobanu, T. Clarke, P. Clearwater, J. Cooke, D. Coward, H. Crisp, R.J. Dattatri, A.T. Deller, D.A. Dobie, L. Dunn, P.J. Easter, J. Eichholz, R. Evans, C. Flynn, G. Foran, P. Forsyth, Y. Gai, S. Galaudage, D.K. Galloway, B. Gendre, B. Goncharov, S. Goode, D. Gozzard, B. Grace, A.W. Graham, A. Heger, F. Hernandez Vivanco, R. Hirai, N.A. Holland, Z.J. Holmes, E. Howard, E. Howell, G. Howitt, M.T. Hübner, J. Hurley, C. Ingram, V. Jaberian Hamedan, K. Jenner, L. Ju, D.P. Kapasi, T. Kaur, N. Kijbunchoo, M. Kovalam, R. Kumar Choudhary, P.D. Lasky, M.Y.M. Lau, J. Leung, J. Liu, K. Loh, A. Mailvagan, I. Mandel, J.J. McCann, D.E. McClelland, K. McKenzie, D. McManus, T. McRae, A. Melatos, P. Meyers, H. Middleton, M.T. Miles, M. Millhouse, Y. Lun Mong, B. Mueller, J. Munch, J. Musiov, S. Muusse, R.S. Nathan, Y. Naveh, C. Neijssel, B. Neil, S.W.S. Ng, V. Oloworaran, D.J. Ottaway, M. Page, J. Pan, M. Pathak, E. Payne, J. Powell, J. Pritchard, E. Puckridge, A. Raidani, V. Rallabhandi, D. Reardon, J.A. Riley, L. Roberts, I.M. Romero-Shaw, T.J. Roocke, G. Rowell, N. Sahu, N. Sarin, L. Sarre, H. Sattari, M. Schiworski, S.M. Scott, R. Sengar, D. Shaddock, R. Shannon, J. Shi, P. Sibley, B.J.J. Slagmolen, T. Slaven-Blair, R.J.E. Smith, J. Spollard, L. Steed, L. Strang, H. Sun, A. Sunderland, S. Suvorova, C. Talbot, E. Thrane, D. Töyrä, P. Trahanas, A. Vajpeyi, J.V. Van Heijningen, A.F. Vargas, P.J. Veitch, A. Vigna-Gomez, A. Wade, K. Walker, Z. Wang, R.L. Ward, K. Ward, S. Webb, L. Wen, K. Wette, R. Wilcox, J. Winterflood, C. Wolf, B. Wu, M. Jet Yap, Z. You, H. Yu, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, C. Zhao, X. Zhu

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia.Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2-4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.

Original language	English
Article number	e047
Journal	Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2020.39
Publication status	Published - 2020
Externally published	Yes

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Ackley, K., Adya, V. B., Agrawal, P., Altin, P., Ashton, G., Bailes, M., Baltinas, E., Barbuio, A., Beniwal, D., Blair, C., Blair, D., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bossilkov, V., Shachar Boublil, S., Brown, D. D., Burridge, B. J., Calderon Bustillo, J., Cameron, J., Tuong Cao, H., ... Zhu, X. (2020). Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, [e047]. https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2020.39

@article{413ab4cb4775424893c07c6473ef6c3d,

title = "Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia.Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2-4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.",

author = "K. Ackley and V.B. Adya and P. Agrawal and P. Altin and G. Ashton and M. Bailes and E. Baltinas and A. Barbuio and D. Beniwal and C. Blair and D. Blair and G.N. Bolingbroke and V. Bossilkov and {Shachar Boublil}, S. and D.D. Brown and B.J. Burridge and {Calderon Bustillo}, J. and J. Cameron and {Tuong Cao}, H. and J.B. Carlin and S. Chang and P. Charlton and C. Chatterjee and D. Chattopadhyay and X. Chen and J. Chi and J. Chow and Q. Chu and A. Ciobanu and T. Clarke and P. Clearwater and J. Cooke and D. Coward and H. Crisp and R.J. Dattatri and A.T. Deller and D.A. Dobie and L. Dunn and P.J. Easter and J. Eichholz and R. Evans and C. Flynn and G. Foran and P. Forsyth and Y. Gai and S. Galaudage and D.K. Galloway and B. Gendre and B. Goncharov and S. Goode and D. Gozzard and B. Grace and A.W. Graham and A. Heger and {Hernandez Vivanco}, F. and R. Hirai and N.A. Holland and Z.J. Holmes and E. Howard and E. Howell and G. Howitt and M.T. H{\"u}bner and J. Hurley and C. Ingram and {Jaberian Hamedan}, V. and K. Jenner and L. Ju and D.P. Kapasi and T. Kaur and N. Kijbunchoo and M. Kovalam and {Kumar Choudhary}, R. and P.D. Lasky and M.Y.M. Lau and J. Leung and J. Liu and K. Loh and A. Mailvagan and I. Mandel and J.J. McCann and D.E. McClelland and K. McKenzie and D. McManus and T. McRae and A. Melatos and P. Meyers and H. Middleton and M.T. Miles and M. Millhouse and {Lun Mong}, Y. and B. Mueller and J. Munch and J. Musiov and S. Muusse and R.S. Nathan and Y. Naveh and C. Neijssel and B. Neil and S.W.S. Ng and V. Oloworaran and D.J. Ottaway and M. Page and J. Pan and M. Pathak and E. Payne and J. Powell and J. Pritchard and E. Puckridge and A. Raidani and V. Rallabhandi and D. Reardon and J.A. Riley and L. Roberts and I.M. Romero-Shaw and T.J. Roocke and G. Rowell and N. Sahu and N. Sarin and L. Sarre and H. Sattari and M. Schiworski and S.M. Scott and R. Sengar and D. Shaddock and R. Shannon and J. Shi and P. Sibley and B.J.J. Slagmolen and T. Slaven-Blair and R.J.E. Smith and J. Spollard and L. Steed and L. Strang and H. Sun and A. Sunderland and S. Suvorova and C. Talbot and E. Thrane and D. T{\"o}yr{\"a} and P. Trahanas and A. Vajpeyi and {Van Heijningen}, J.V. and A.F. Vargas and P.J. Veitch and A. Vigna-Gomez and A. Wade and K. Walker and Z. Wang and R.L. Ward and K. Ward and S. Webb and L. Wen and K. Wette and R. Wilcox and J. Winterflood and C. Wolf and B. Wu and {Jet Yap}, M. and Z. You and H. Yu and J. Zhang and J. Zhang and C. Zhao and X. Zhu",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.1017/pasa.2020.39",

language = "English",

journal = "Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia",

issn = "1323-3580",

publisher = "Cambridge University Press",

}

Ackley, K, Adya, VB, Agrawal, P, Altin, P, Ashton, G, Bailes, M, Baltinas, E, Barbuio, A, Beniwal, D, Blair, C, Blair, D, Bolingbroke, GN, Bossilkov, V, Shachar Boublil, S, Brown, DD, Burridge, BJ, Calderon Bustillo, J, Cameron, J, Tuong Cao, H, Carlin, JB, Chang, S, Charlton, P, Chatterjee, C, Chattopadhyay, D, Chen, X, Chi, J, Chow, J, Chu, Q, Ciobanu, A, Clarke, T, Clearwater, P, Cooke, J, Coward, D, Crisp, H, Dattatri, RJ, Deller, AT, Dobie, DA, Dunn, L, Easter, PJ, Eichholz, J, Evans, R, Flynn, C, Foran, G, Forsyth, P, Gai, Y, Galaudage, S, Galloway, DK, Gendre, B, Goncharov, B, Goode, S, Gozzard, D, Grace, B, Graham, AW, Heger, A, Hernandez Vivanco, F, Hirai, R, Holland, NA, Holmes, ZJ, Howard, E, Howell, E, Howitt, G, Hübner, MT, Hurley, J, Ingram, C, Jaberian Hamedan, V, Jenner, K, Ju, L, Kapasi, DP, Kaur, T, Kijbunchoo, N, Kovalam, M, Kumar Choudhary, R, Lasky, PD, Lau, MYM, Leung, J, Liu, J, Loh, K, Mailvagan, A, Mandel, I, McCann, JJ, McClelland, DE, McKenzie, K, McManus, D, McRae, T, Melatos, A, Meyers, P, Middleton, H, Miles, MT, Millhouse, M, Lun Mong, Y, Mueller, B, Munch, J, Musiov, J, Muusse, S, Nathan, RS, Naveh, Y, Neijssel, C, Neil, B, Ng, SWS, Oloworaran, V, Ottaway, DJ, Page, M, Pan, J, Pathak, M, Payne, E, Powell, J, Pritchard, J, Puckridge, E, Raidani, A, Rallabhandi, V, Reardon, D, Riley, JA, Roberts, L, Romero-Shaw, IM, Roocke, TJ, Rowell, G, Sahu, N, Sarin, N, Sarre, L, Sattari, H, Schiworski, M, Scott, SM, Sengar, R, Shaddock, D, Shannon, R, Shi, J, Sibley, P, Slagmolen, BJJ, Slaven-Blair, T, Smith, RJE, Spollard, J, Steed, L, Strang, L, Sun, H, Sunderland, A, Suvorova, S, Talbot, C, Thrane, E, Töyrä, D, Trahanas, P, Vajpeyi, A, Van Heijningen, JV, Vargas, AF, Veitch, PJ, Vigna-Gomez, A, Wade, A, Walker, K, Wang, Z, Ward, RL, Ward, K, Webb, S, Wen, L, Wette, K, Wilcox, R, Winterflood, J, Wolf, C, Wu, B, Jet Yap, M, You, Z, Yu, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, J, Zhao, C & Zhu, X 2020, 'Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network', Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2020.39

TY - JOUR

T1 - Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory

T2 - A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adya, V.B.

AU - Agrawal, P.

AU - Altin, P.

AU - Ashton, G.

AU - Bailes, M.

AU - Baltinas, E.

AU - Barbuio, A.

AU - Beniwal, D.

AU - Blair, C.

AU - Blair, D.

AU - Bolingbroke, G.N.

AU - Bossilkov, V.

AU - Shachar Boublil, S.

AU - Brown, D.D.

AU - Burridge, B.J.

AU - Calderon Bustillo, J.

AU - Cameron, J.

AU - Tuong Cao, H.

AU - Carlin, J.B.

AU - Chang, S.

AU - Charlton, P.

AU - Chatterjee, C.

AU - Chattopadhyay, D.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Chi, J.

AU - Chow, J.

AU - Chu, Q.

AU - Ciobanu, A.

AU - Clarke, T.

AU - Clearwater, P.

AU - Cooke, J.

AU - Coward, D.

AU - Crisp, H.

AU - Dattatri, R.J.

AU - Deller, A.T.

AU - Dobie, D.A.

AU - Dunn, L.

AU - Easter, P.J.

AU - Eichholz, J.

AU - Evans, R.

AU - Flynn, C.

AU - Foran, G.

AU - Forsyth, P.

AU - Gai, Y.

AU - Galaudage, S.

AU - Galloway, D.K.

AU - Gendre, B.

AU - Goncharov, B.

AU - Goode, S.

AU - Gozzard, D.

AU - Grace, B.

AU - Graham, A.W.

AU - Heger, A.

AU - Hernandez Vivanco, F.

AU - Hirai, R.

AU - Holland, N.A.

AU - Holmes, Z.J.

AU - Howard, E.

AU - Howell, E.

AU - Howitt, G.

AU - Hübner, M.T.

AU - Hurley, J.

AU - Ingram, C.

AU - Jaberian Hamedan, V.

AU - Jenner, K.

AU - Ju, L.

AU - Kapasi, D.P.

AU - Kaur, T.

AU - Kijbunchoo, N.

AU - Kovalam, M.

AU - Kumar Choudhary, R.

AU - Lasky, P.D.

AU - Lau, M.Y.M.

AU - Leung, J.

AU - Liu, J.

AU - Loh, K.

AU - Mailvagan, A.

AU - Mandel, I.

AU - McCann, J.J.

AU - McClelland, D.E.

AU - McKenzie, K.

AU - McManus, D.

AU - McRae, T.

AU - Melatos, A.

AU - Meyers, P.

AU - Middleton, H.

AU - Miles, M.T.

AU - Millhouse, M.

AU - Lun Mong, Y.

AU - Mueller, B.

AU - Munch, J.

AU - Musiov, J.

AU - Muusse, S.

AU - Nathan, R.S.

AU - Naveh, Y.

AU - Neijssel, C.

AU - Neil, B.

AU - Ng, S.W.S.

AU - Oloworaran, V.

AU - Ottaway, D.J.

AU - Page, M.

AU - Pan, J.

AU - Pathak, M.

AU - Payne, E.

AU - Powell, J.

AU - Pritchard, J.

AU - Puckridge, E.

AU - Raidani, A.

AU - Rallabhandi, V.

AU - Reardon, D.

AU - Riley, J.A.

AU - Roberts, L.

AU - Romero-Shaw, I.M.

AU - Roocke, T.J.

AU - Rowell, G.

AU - Sahu, N.

AU - Sarin, N.

AU - Sarre, L.

AU - Sattari, H.

AU - Schiworski, M.

AU - Scott, S.M.

AU - Sengar, R.

AU - Shaddock, D.

AU - Shannon, R.

AU - Shi, J.

AU - Sibley, P.

AU - Slagmolen, B.J.J.

AU - Slaven-Blair, T.

AU - Smith, R.J.E.

AU - Spollard, J.

AU - Steed, L.

AU - Strang, L.

AU - Sun, H.

AU - Sunderland, A.

AU - Suvorova, S.

AU - Talbot, C.

AU - Thrane, E.

AU - Töyrä, D.

AU - Trahanas, P.

AU - Vajpeyi, A.

AU - Van Heijningen, J.V.

AU - Vargas, A.F.

AU - Veitch, P.J.

AU - Vigna-Gomez, A.

AU - Wade, A.

AU - Walker, K.

AU - Wang, Z.

AU - Ward, R.L.

AU - Ward, K.

AU - Webb, S.

AU - Wen, L.

AU - Wette, K.

AU - Wilcox, R.

AU - Winterflood, J.

AU - Wolf, C.

AU - Wu, B.

AU - Jet Yap, M.

AU - You, Z.

AU - Yu, H.

AU - Zhang, J.

AU - Zhao, C.

AU - Zhu, X.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia.Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2-4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.

AB - © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia.Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2-4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.

U2 - 10.1017/pasa.2020.39

DO - 10.1017/pasa.2020.39

M3 - Article

SN - 1323-3580

JO - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia

JF - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia

M1 - e047

ER -

Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network

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