Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji; Barbara Barbé; Gaëlle Nkoji; Joule Madinga; Clémentine Roucher; Sylvie Linsuke; Marie Hermy; Anne Sophie Heroes; Wesley Mattheus; Katja Polman; Pascal Lutumba; Marie France Phoba; Octavie Lunguya; Jan Jacobs

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007875

Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji
, Barbara Barbé
, Gaëlle Nkoji
, Joule Madinga
, Clémentine Roucher
, Sylvie Linsuke
, Marie Hermy
, Anne Sophie Heroes
, Wesley Mattheus
, Katja Polman
, Pascal Lutumba
, Marie France Phoba
, Octavie Lunguya
, Jan Jacobs

Infectious Diseases

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clinical observations and animal studies have suggested that Salmonella intestinal carriage is promoted by concurrent Schistosoma infection. The present study assessed association of Salmonella intestinal carriage and Schistosoma mansoni infection among individuals in a Schistosoma endemic area in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: From November 2015 to March 2016, a cross-sectional community-wide study was conducted in Kifua II, a rural village in Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for Salmonella intestinal carriage (culture) and Schistosoma mansoni infection (Kato Katz microscopy with determination of egg load). Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates were assessed for genetic similarity with blood culture isolates obtained during the same period in a neighboring hospital using multi-locus variable-numbers tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). RESULTS: A total of 1,108 participants were included (median age 15 years (IQR: 7-36), male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1). The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection and non-typhoidal Salmonella carriage was 51.2% (95% CI: 48.2-54.1) and 3.4% (95% CI: 2.5-4.7) respectively, with 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5-3.2) of participants coinfected. The proportion of Salmonella carriage tended to be higher among Schistosoma mansoni infected participants compared to non-infected participants but this difference did not reach statistical significance (4.2% versus 2.6%, p = 0.132). However, the proportion of Salmonella carriage among participants with a heavy Schistosoma mansoni infection was significantly higher compared to those with a light and moderate infection (8.7% versus 3.2%, p = 0.012) and compared to Schistosoma mansoni negatives (8.7% versus 2.6%, p = 0.002). The 38 Salmonella isolates comprised five and four Enteritidis and Typhimurium serotypes respectively, the majority of them had MLVA types identical or similar to those observed among blood culture isolates. CONCLUSION: Salmonella intestinal carriage was associated with a heavy intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Further studies are needed to address causation.

Original language	English
Article number	e0007875
Pages (from-to)	1-15
Number of pages	15
Journal	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Volume	14
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007875
Publication status	Published - 21 Feb 2020

Funding

This work was funded by the Belgian Directorate of Development Cooperation (DGD) through the 3rd and 4th Framework Agreement between the Institute of Tropical Medicine in. We would like to thank the persons who highly contributed to this study, especially the Medical Doctor Head of the Kwilu Ngongo Health Zone, for his participation to the mass sensitization of the Kifua II village inhabitants; we are grateful to the health committee of Kifua II Belgium, Antwerp, Belgium and the National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as by the Baillet-Latour Fund. LK holds a PhD scholarship from the Belgian DGD and ASH holds a PhD scholarship from the Research Foundation Flanders. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. village for their participation to the individual sensitization and collection of samples. We are sincerely thankful to Sylvain Baloji, from the Department of Epidemiology at the National Institute for Biomedical Research in Kinshasa, for his hard and dedicated work during field activities. We wish to thank the laboratory team of Institut Médico-Evangélique de Kimpese for their participation to the bacteriological and parasitological analysis.

Funders
Belgian Directorate of Development Cooperation
DGD
Department of Epidemiology
Institut Médico-Evangélique de Kimpese
National Institute for Biomedical Research
National Institute for Biomedical Research in Kinshasa
Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Fonds Baillet Latour

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Mbuyi-Kalonji, L., Barbé, B., Nkoji, G., Madinga, J., Roucher, C., Linsuke, S., Hermy, M., Heroes, A. S., Mattheus, W., Polman, K., Lutumba, P., Phoba, M. F., Lunguya, O., & Jacobs, J. (2020). Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(2), 1-15. Article e0007875. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007875

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title = "Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Clinical observations and animal studies have suggested that Salmonella intestinal carriage is promoted by concurrent Schistosoma infection. The present study assessed association of Salmonella intestinal carriage and Schistosoma mansoni infection among individuals in a Schistosoma endemic area in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: From November 2015 to March 2016, a cross-sectional community-wide study was conducted in Kifua II, a rural village in Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for Salmonella intestinal carriage (culture) and Schistosoma mansoni infection (Kato Katz microscopy with determination of egg load). Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates were assessed for genetic similarity with blood culture isolates obtained during the same period in a neighboring hospital using multi-locus variable-numbers tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). RESULTS: A total of 1,108 participants were included (median age 15 years (IQR: 7-36), male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1). The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection and non-typhoidal Salmonella carriage was 51.2\% (95\% CI: 48.2-54.1) and 3.4\% (95\% CI: 2.5-4.7) respectively, with 2.2\% (95\% CI: 1.5-3.2) of participants coinfected. The proportion of Salmonella carriage tended to be higher among Schistosoma mansoni infected participants compared to non-infected participants but this difference did not reach statistical significance (4.2\% versus 2.6\%, p = 0.132). However, the proportion of Salmonella carriage among participants with a heavy Schistosoma mansoni infection was significantly higher compared to those with a light and moderate infection (8.7\% versus 3.2\%, p = 0.012) and compared to Schistosoma mansoni negatives (8.7\% versus 2.6\%, p = 0.002). The 38 Salmonella isolates comprised five and four Enteritidis and Typhimurium serotypes respectively, the majority of them had MLVA types identical or similar to those observed among blood culture isolates. CONCLUSION: Salmonella intestinal carriage was associated with a heavy intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Further studies are needed to address causation.",

author = "Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji and Barbara Barb{\'e} and Ga{\"e}lle Nkoji and Joule Madinga and Cl{\'e}mentine Roucher and Sylvie Linsuke and Marie Hermy and Heroes, \{Anne Sophie\} and Wesley Mattheus and Katja Polman and Pascal Lutumba and Phoba, \{Marie France\} and Octavie Lunguya and Jan Jacobs",

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Mbuyi-Kalonji, L, Barbé, B, Nkoji, G, Madinga, J, Roucher, C, Linsuke, S, Hermy, M, Heroes, AS, Mattheus, W, Polman, K, Lutumba, P, Phoba, MF, Lunguya, O & Jacobs, J 2020, 'Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 14, no. 2, e0007875, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007875

Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo. / Mbuyi-Kalonji, Lisette; Barbé, Barbara; Nkoji, Gaëlle et al.
In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 14, No. 2, e0007875, 21.02.2020, p. 1-15.

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo

AU - Mbuyi-Kalonji, Lisette

AU - Barbé, Barbara

AU - Nkoji, Gaëlle

AU - Madinga, Joule

AU - Roucher, Clémentine

AU - Linsuke, Sylvie

AU - Hermy, Marie

AU - Heroes, Anne Sophie

AU - Mattheus, Wesley

AU - Polman, Katja

AU - Lutumba, Pascal

AU - Phoba, Marie France

AU - Lunguya, Octavie

AU - Jacobs, Jan

PY - 2020/2/21

Y1 - 2020/2/21

N2 - BACKGROUND: Clinical observations and animal studies have suggested that Salmonella intestinal carriage is promoted by concurrent Schistosoma infection. The present study assessed association of Salmonella intestinal carriage and Schistosoma mansoni infection among individuals in a Schistosoma endemic area in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: From November 2015 to March 2016, a cross-sectional community-wide study was conducted in Kifua II, a rural village in Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for Salmonella intestinal carriage (culture) and Schistosoma mansoni infection (Kato Katz microscopy with determination of egg load). Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates were assessed for genetic similarity with blood culture isolates obtained during the same period in a neighboring hospital using multi-locus variable-numbers tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). RESULTS: A total of 1,108 participants were included (median age 15 years (IQR: 7-36), male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1). The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection and non-typhoidal Salmonella carriage was 51.2% (95% CI: 48.2-54.1) and 3.4% (95% CI: 2.5-4.7) respectively, with 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5-3.2) of participants coinfected. The proportion of Salmonella carriage tended to be higher among Schistosoma mansoni infected participants compared to non-infected participants but this difference did not reach statistical significance (4.2% versus 2.6%, p = 0.132). However, the proportion of Salmonella carriage among participants with a heavy Schistosoma mansoni infection was significantly higher compared to those with a light and moderate infection (8.7% versus 3.2%, p = 0.012) and compared to Schistosoma mansoni negatives (8.7% versus 2.6%, p = 0.002). The 38 Salmonella isolates comprised five and four Enteritidis and Typhimurium serotypes respectively, the majority of them had MLVA types identical or similar to those observed among blood culture isolates. CONCLUSION: Salmonella intestinal carriage was associated with a heavy intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Further studies are needed to address causation.

AB - BACKGROUND: Clinical observations and animal studies have suggested that Salmonella intestinal carriage is promoted by concurrent Schistosoma infection. The present study assessed association of Salmonella intestinal carriage and Schistosoma mansoni infection among individuals in a Schistosoma endemic area in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: From November 2015 to March 2016, a cross-sectional community-wide study was conducted in Kifua II, a rural village in Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for Salmonella intestinal carriage (culture) and Schistosoma mansoni infection (Kato Katz microscopy with determination of egg load). Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates were assessed for genetic similarity with blood culture isolates obtained during the same period in a neighboring hospital using multi-locus variable-numbers tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). RESULTS: A total of 1,108 participants were included (median age 15 years (IQR: 7-36), male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1). The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection and non-typhoidal Salmonella carriage was 51.2% (95% CI: 48.2-54.1) and 3.4% (95% CI: 2.5-4.7) respectively, with 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5-3.2) of participants coinfected. The proportion of Salmonella carriage tended to be higher among Schistosoma mansoni infected participants compared to non-infected participants but this difference did not reach statistical significance (4.2% versus 2.6%, p = 0.132). However, the proportion of Salmonella carriage among participants with a heavy Schistosoma mansoni infection was significantly higher compared to those with a light and moderate infection (8.7% versus 3.2%, p = 0.012) and compared to Schistosoma mansoni negatives (8.7% versus 2.6%, p = 0.002). The 38 Salmonella isolates comprised five and four Enteritidis and Typhimurium serotypes respectively, the majority of them had MLVA types identical or similar to those observed among blood culture isolates. CONCLUSION: Salmonella intestinal carriage was associated with a heavy intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Further studies are needed to address causation.

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UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85079803201#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007875

DO - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007875

M3 - Article

C2 - 32084128

AN - SCOPUS:85079803201

SN - 1935-2727

VL - 14

SP - 1

EP - 15

JO - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

JF - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

IS - 2

M1 - e0007875

ER -

Non-typhoidal Salmonella intestinal carriage in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic community in a rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo

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