Optimization of a low flow sampler for improved assessment of gas and particle bound exposure to chlorinated paraffins

Insam Al Saify; Lara Cioni; Louise M. van Mourik; Sicco H. Brandsma; Nicholas A. Warner

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130066

Optimization of a low flow sampler for improved assessment of gas and particle bound exposure to chlorinated paraffins

Insam Al Saify, Lara Cioni, Louise M. van Mourik, Sicco H. Brandsma, Nicholas A. Warner^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

AIMMS

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

An optimized low volume sampler was developed to determine both gas- and particle bound concentrations of short and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (S/MCCPs). Background contamination was limited by the sampler design, providing method quantification limits (MQLs) at least two orders of magnitude lower than other studies within the gas (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.86 ng (ΣMCCPs)) and particle (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.72 ng (ΣMCCPs) phases. Good repeatability was observed between parallel indoor measurements (RSD ≤ 9.3% (gas), RSD ≤ 14% (particle)) with no breakthrough/saturation observed after a week of continuous sampling. For indoor air sampling, SCCPs were dominant within the gas phase (17 ± 4.9 ng/m³) compared to MCCPs (2.7 ± 0.8 ng/m³) while the opposite was observed in the particle bound fraction (0.28 ± 0.11 ng/m³ (ΣSCCPs) vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 ng/m³ (ΣMCCPs)). Only SCCPs in the gas phase could be detected reliably during outdoor sampling and were considerably lower compared to indoor concentrations (0.27 ± 0.10 ng/m³). Separation of the gas and particle bound phase was found to be crucial in applying the appropriate response factors for quantification based on the deconvoluted S/MCCP sample profile, thus avoiding over- (gas phase) or underestimation (particle phase) of reported concentrations. Very short chain chlorinated paraffins (vSCCPs, C₅-C₉) were also detected at equal or higher abundance compared to SCCP congener groups (C₁₀-C₁₃) congener groups, indicating an additional human indoor inhalation risk.

Original language	English
Article number	130066
Pages (from-to)	1-9
Number of pages	9
Journal	Chemosphere
Volume	275
Early online date	23 Feb 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130066
Publication status	Published - Jul 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Financial support for this study was provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment through the Strategic Institute Programs, granted through the Norwegian Research Council (Arctic, the herald of Chemical Substances of Environmental Concern, Clean Arctic, project #117031 ) and the Fram Centre Flagship Program “Hazardous substances – effects on ecosystems and human health” (Project 481/762019: Screening for Emerging Arctic health Risks to Circumpolar Human populations (SEARCH)). Financial support was also received through the Erasmus + programme of the European Union . We also thank Svein Knudsen and his team for developing the sampler template (Innovation NILU AS).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)

Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Funding

Financial support for this study was provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment through the Strategic Institute Programs, granted through the Norwegian Research Council (Arctic, the herald of Chemical Substances of Environmental Concern, Clean Arctic, project #117031 ) and the Fram Centre Flagship Program “Hazardous substances – effects on ecosystems and human health” (Project 481/762019: Screening for Emerging Arctic health Risks to Circumpolar Human populations (SEARCH)). Financial support was also received through the Erasmus + programme of the European Union . We also thank Svein Knudsen and his team for developing the sampler template (Innovation NILU AS).

Keywords

Air monitoring
Air sampler
Chlorinated paraffins
Indoor air
Method development
Particulate matter

Access to Document

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130066

Persistent URL (handle)

Persistent link

Cite this

@article{7d53cca5e7cf42cfaccc09ea76dd6947,

title = "Optimization of a low flow sampler for improved assessment of gas and particle bound exposure to chlorinated paraffins",

abstract = "An optimized low volume sampler was developed to determine both gas- and particle bound concentrations of short and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (S/MCCPs). Background contamination was limited by the sampler design, providing method quantification limits (MQLs) at least two orders of magnitude lower than other studies within the gas (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.86 ng (ΣMCCPs)) and particle (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.72 ng (ΣMCCPs) phases. Good repeatability was observed between parallel indoor measurements (RSD ≤ 9.3\% (gas), RSD ≤ 14\% (particle)) with no breakthrough/saturation observed after a week of continuous sampling. For indoor air sampling, SCCPs were dominant within the gas phase (17 ± 4.9 ng/m3) compared to MCCPs (2.7 ± 0.8 ng/m3) while the opposite was observed in the particle bound fraction (0.28 ± 0.11 ng/m3 (ΣSCCPs) vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 ng/m3 (ΣMCCPs)). Only SCCPs in the gas phase could be detected reliably during outdoor sampling and were considerably lower compared to indoor concentrations (0.27 ± 0.10 ng/m3). Separation of the gas and particle bound phase was found to be crucial in applying the appropriate response factors for quantification based on the deconvoluted S/MCCP sample profile, thus avoiding over- (gas phase) or underestimation (particle phase) of reported concentrations. Very short chain chlorinated paraffins (vSCCPs, C5-C9) were also detected at equal or higher abundance compared to SCCP congener groups (C10-C13) congener groups, indicating an additional human indoor inhalation risk.",

keywords = "Air monitoring, Air sampler, Chlorinated paraffins, Indoor air, Method development, Particulate matter",

author = "\{Al Saify\}, Insam and Lara Cioni and \{van Mourik\}, \{Louise M.\} and Brandsma, \{Sicco H.\} and Warner, \{Nicholas A.\}",

note = "Funding Information: Financial support for this study was provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment through the Strategic Institute Programs, granted through the Norwegian Research Council (Arctic, the herald of Chemical Substances of Environmental Concern, Clean Arctic, project \#117031 ) and the Fram Centre Flagship Program “Hazardous substances – effects on ecosystems and human health” (Project 481/762019: Screening for Emerging Arctic health Risks to Circumpolar Human populations (SEARCH)). Financial support was also received through the Erasmus + programme of the European Union . We also thank Svein Knudsen and his team for developing the sampler template (Innovation NILU AS). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s) Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130066",

language = "English",

volume = "275",

pages = "1--9",

journal = "Chemosphere",

issn = "0045-6535",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Optimization of a low flow sampler for improved assessment of gas and particle bound exposure to chlorinated paraffins

AU - Al Saify, Insam

AU - Cioni, Lara

AU - van Mourik, Louise M.

AU - Brandsma, Sicco H.

AU - Warner, Nicholas A.

N1 - Funding Information: Financial support for this study was provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment through the Strategic Institute Programs, granted through the Norwegian Research Council (Arctic, the herald of Chemical Substances of Environmental Concern, Clean Arctic, project #117031 ) and the Fram Centre Flagship Program “Hazardous substances – effects on ecosystems and human health” (Project 481/762019: Screening for Emerging Arctic health Risks to Circumpolar Human populations (SEARCH)). Financial support was also received through the Erasmus + programme of the European Union . We also thank Svein Knudsen and his team for developing the sampler template (Innovation NILU AS). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/7

Y1 - 2021/7

N2 - An optimized low volume sampler was developed to determine both gas- and particle bound concentrations of short and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (S/MCCPs). Background contamination was limited by the sampler design, providing method quantification limits (MQLs) at least two orders of magnitude lower than other studies within the gas (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.86 ng (ΣMCCPs)) and particle (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.72 ng (ΣMCCPs) phases. Good repeatability was observed between parallel indoor measurements (RSD ≤ 9.3% (gas), RSD ≤ 14% (particle)) with no breakthrough/saturation observed after a week of continuous sampling. For indoor air sampling, SCCPs were dominant within the gas phase (17 ± 4.9 ng/m3) compared to MCCPs (2.7 ± 0.8 ng/m3) while the opposite was observed in the particle bound fraction (0.28 ± 0.11 ng/m3 (ΣSCCPs) vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 ng/m3 (ΣMCCPs)). Only SCCPs in the gas phase could be detected reliably during outdoor sampling and were considerably lower compared to indoor concentrations (0.27 ± 0.10 ng/m3). Separation of the gas and particle bound phase was found to be crucial in applying the appropriate response factors for quantification based on the deconvoluted S/MCCP sample profile, thus avoiding over- (gas phase) or underestimation (particle phase) of reported concentrations. Very short chain chlorinated paraffins (vSCCPs, C5-C9) were also detected at equal or higher abundance compared to SCCP congener groups (C10-C13) congener groups, indicating an additional human indoor inhalation risk.

AB - An optimized low volume sampler was developed to determine both gas- and particle bound concentrations of short and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (S/MCCPs). Background contamination was limited by the sampler design, providing method quantification limits (MQLs) at least two orders of magnitude lower than other studies within the gas (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.86 ng (ΣMCCPs)) and particle (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.72 ng (ΣMCCPs) phases. Good repeatability was observed between parallel indoor measurements (RSD ≤ 9.3% (gas), RSD ≤ 14% (particle)) with no breakthrough/saturation observed after a week of continuous sampling. For indoor air sampling, SCCPs were dominant within the gas phase (17 ± 4.9 ng/m3) compared to MCCPs (2.7 ± 0.8 ng/m3) while the opposite was observed in the particle bound fraction (0.28 ± 0.11 ng/m3 (ΣSCCPs) vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 ng/m3 (ΣMCCPs)). Only SCCPs in the gas phase could be detected reliably during outdoor sampling and were considerably lower compared to indoor concentrations (0.27 ± 0.10 ng/m3). Separation of the gas and particle bound phase was found to be crucial in applying the appropriate response factors for quantification based on the deconvoluted S/MCCP sample profile, thus avoiding over- (gas phase) or underestimation (particle phase) of reported concentrations. Very short chain chlorinated paraffins (vSCCPs, C5-C9) were also detected at equal or higher abundance compared to SCCP congener groups (C10-C13) congener groups, indicating an additional human indoor inhalation risk.

KW - Air monitoring

KW - Air sampler

KW - Chlorinated paraffins

KW - Indoor air

KW - Method development

KW - Particulate matter

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85101745427

UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85101745427&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130066

DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130066

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85101745427

SN - 0045-6535

VL - 275

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - Chemosphere

JF - Chemosphere

M1 - 130066

ER -

Optimization of a low flow sampler for improved assessment of gas and particle bound exposure to chlorinated paraffins

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Persistent URL (handle)

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this