Abstract
Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography has become an attractive option for the analysis of complex nonvolatile samples found in various fields (e.g. environmental studies, food, life, and polymer sciences). Two-dimensional liquid chromatography complements the highly popular hyphenated systems that combine liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography is also applied to the analysis of samples that are not compatible with mass spectrometry (e.g. high-molecular-weight polymers), providing important information on the distribution of the sample components along chemical dimensions (molecular weight, charge, lipophilicity, stereochemistry, etc.). Also, in comparison with conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography, two-dimensional liquid chromatography provides a greater separation power (peak capacity). Because of the additional selectivity and higher peak capacity, the combination of two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry allows for simpler mixtures of compounds to be introduced in the ion source at any given time, improving quantitative analysis by reducing matrix effects. In this review, we summarize the rationale and principles of two-dimensional liquid chromatography experiments, describe advantages and disadvantages of combining different selectivities and discuss strategies to improve the quality of two-dimensional liquid chromatography separations.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 68-98 |
| Number of pages | 31 |
| Journal | Journal of Separation Science |
| Volume | 41 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2018 |
Funding
Bob Pirok acknowledges the MANIAC project, which is funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) in the framework of the Programmatic Technology Area PTA-COAST3 of the Fund New Chemical Innovations (Project 053.21.113). Andrea Gargano acknowledges the NWO-VENI grant (722.015.009) for the IPA project. The authors acknowledge Prof. Andre de Villiers (Stellenbosch University, South Africa) and Prof. Dwight Stoll (Gustavus Adolphus College, USA) for the valuable discussion of and input for Table 3. Dr. Suhas Nawada is acknowledged for simulating the data for and supplying Fig. 9.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Fund New Chemical Innovations | 053.21.113 |
| NWO-VENI | 722.015.009 |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | PTA-COAST3 |
| Universiteit Stellenbosch | |
| International Permafrost Association |
Keywords
- comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography
- method development
- supercritical fluid chromatography