TY - JOUR
T1 - Parton distributions in nucleons and nuclei
AU - Ethier, Jacob J.
AU - Nocera, Emanuele R.
PY - 2020/10/19
Y1 - 2020/10/19
N2 - We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD).We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and precision relevant to advancing our understanding of QCD proton substructure and pursuing our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF analyses, and outline future directions of progress.
AB - We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD).We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and precision relevant to advancing our understanding of QCD proton substructure and pursuing our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF analyses, and outline future directions of progress.
KW - Collider physics
KW - Future experiments
KW - Nuclear medium
KW - Parton distribution functions
KW - Proton spin
KW - Quantum chromodynamics
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85085605061
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85085605061#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725
DO - 10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85085605061
SN - 0163-8998
VL - 70
SP - 43
EP - 76
JO - Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
JF - Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
ER -