TY - JOUR
T1 - Patterns of Force, Sequences of Resistance: Revisiting Luckenbill with Robberies Caught on Camera
AU - Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz
AU - de Vries, Thomas Daniel
AU - Bernasco, Wim
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - Robberies are improvised encounters involving offender threat, sometimes force, and often victim resistance. While the association between threat, force, and resistance in robberies is well-established, sequential patterns are disputed due to biases of retrospective studies. To overcome these biases, we draw on CCTV camera recordings of 49 store robberies. Tentative findings suggest that lethal threat reduces victim resistance and thereby offender violence, except in robberies where offenders depend on victims in accessing the valuables. In those robberies, lethal threat increases the likelihood of victim resistance despite having no effect on offender violence. By providing more reliable and detailed accounts of real-life behavior during robberies, our analysis illustrates the potential of a newly emergent field of studies of crimes caught on camera.
AB - Robberies are improvised encounters involving offender threat, sometimes force, and often victim resistance. While the association between threat, force, and resistance in robberies is well-established, sequential patterns are disputed due to biases of retrospective studies. To overcome these biases, we draw on CCTV camera recordings of 49 store robberies. Tentative findings suggest that lethal threat reduces victim resistance and thereby offender violence, except in robberies where offenders depend on victims in accessing the valuables. In those robberies, lethal threat increases the likelihood of victim resistance despite having no effect on offender violence. By providing more reliable and detailed accounts of real-life behavior during robberies, our analysis illustrates the potential of a newly emergent field of studies of crimes caught on camera.
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U2 - 10.1080/01639625.2017.1407100
DO - 10.1080/01639625.2017.1407100
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85041008679
SN - 0163-9625
VL - 39
SP - 421
EP - 436
JO - Deviant Behavior
JF - Deviant Behavior
IS - 4
ER -