Abstract
As over 6 million people are infected with Chagas disease and only limited therapeutic options are available, there is an urgent need for novel drugs. The involvement of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) in the lifecycle and biological fitness of a number of protozoan parasites has been described and several of these enzymes are thought to be viable drug targets. Within this context, a PDE-focused library was screened for its ability to affect the viability of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. 5-(3-(Benzyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-4,4-dimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (4), previously reported as a human PDE4 inhibitor, was identified as a hit. Upon optimization on three positions of the phenylpyrazolone scaffold, 2-isopropyl-5-(4-methoxy-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (34) proved to be the most active compound against intracellular forms of T. cruzi (pIC 50 = 6.4) with a 100-fold selectivity with respect to toxicity toward human MRC-5 cells. Evaluation on different life stages and clinically relevant T. cruzi strains revealed that the phenylpyrazolones are not active against the bloodstream form of the Y strain but show submicromolar activity against the intracellular form of the Y- and Tulahuen strains as well as against the nitro-drug-resistant Colombiana strain. In vitro screening of phenylpyrazolones against TcrPDEB1, TcrPDEC, and TcrCYP51 showed that there was a poor correlation between enzyme inhibition and the observed phenotypic effect. Among the most potent compounds, both TcrCYP51 and non-TcrCYP51 inhibitors are identified, which were both equally able to inhibit T. cruzi in vitro.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 6585-6596 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | ACS Omega |
Volume | 4 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 10 Apr 2019 |
Funding
*E-mail: [email protected] (R.L.). ORCID Rob Leurs: 0000-0003-1354-2848 Author Contributions Performing experimental work: Maarten Sijm, K.M.O., J.S.d.A., S.S., A.M., T.v.d.M., P.S., H.C., and I.C.; writing manuscript: M.S., M.d.N.C.S, R.L.; experimental design: M.S., E.E., Marco Siderius, L.M., D.G.B., J.J.M., M.d.N.C.S, G.S., I.J.P.d.E., and R.L.; funding: L.M., D.G.B., M.d.N.C.S, G.S., I.J.P.d.E., and R.L.; reviewing and editing manuscript: M.S., M.d.N.C.S, G.S., and R.L. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. Funding The PDE4NPD project was funded by the European Union under the FP-7-Health program, project ID: 602666. MNCS is a researcher with the CNPq and CNE/FAPERJ. Notes The authors declare no competing financial interest.
Funders | Funder number |
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FP-7-Health program | |
Seventh Framework Programme | 602666 |
European Commission |