Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC

Richard D. Ball; Andrea Barontini; Alessandro Candido; Stefano Carrazza; Juan Cruz-Martinez; Luigi Del Debbio; Stefano Forte; Tommaso Giani; Felix Hekhorn; Zahari Kassabov; Niccolò Laurenti; Giacomo Magni; Emanuele R. Nocera; Tanjona R. Rabemananjara; Juan Rojo; Christopher Schwan; Roy Stegeman; Maria Ubiali

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12731-8

Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC

Richard D. Ball
, Andrea Barontini
, Alessandro Candido
, Stefano Carrazza
, Juan Cruz-Martinez
, Luigi Del Debbio
, Stefano Forte^*
, Tommaso Giani
, Felix Hekhorn
, Zahari Kassabov
, Niccolò Laurenti
, Giacomo Magni
, Emanuele R. Nocera
, Tanjona R. Rabemananjara
, Juan Rojo
, Christopher Schwan
, Roy Stegeman
, Maria Ubiali

^*Corresponding author for this work

(Astro)-Particles Physics

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

We construct a set of parton distribution functions (PDFs), based on the recent NNPDF4.0 PDF set, that also include a photon PDF. The photon PDF is constructed using the LuxQED formalism, while QED evolution accounting for Oα, Oαα_s, and Oα² corrections is implemented and benchmarked by means of the EKO code. We investigate the impact of QED effects on NNPDF4.0, and compare our results both to our previous NNPDF3.1QED PDF set and to other recent PDF sets that include the photon. We assess the impact of photon-initiated processes and electroweak corrections on a variety of representative LHC processes, and find that they can reach the 5% level in vector boson pair production at large invariant mass.

Original language	English
Article number	540
Pages (from-to)	1-29
Number of pages	29
Journal	The European Physical Journal C : Particles and Fields
Volume	84
Issue number	5
Early online date	28 May 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12731-8
Publication status	Published - 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.

Funding

We thank Valerio Bertone for assistance with the benchmarking of QED evolution with APFEL, and Lucian Harland-Lang and Luca Buonocore for discussions on the LuxQED procedure. R.\u00A0D.\u00A0B, L.\u00A0D.\u00A0D., and R.\u00A0S. are supported by the U.K. Science and Technology Facility Council (STFC) grant ST/T000600/1. F.\u00A0H. is supported by the Academy of Finland project 358090 and is funded as a part of the Center of Excellence in Quark Matter of the Academy of Finland, project 346326. E.\u00A0R.\u00A0N. is supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) through the \u201CRita Levi-Montalcini\u201D Program. M. U. and Z. K. are supported by the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme (grant agreement n.950246), and partially by the STFC consolidated grant ST/L000385/1. J.\u00A0R. is partially supported by NWO, the Dutch Research Council. C.\u00A0S. is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under reference number DE 623/6-2. We thank Valerio Bertone for assistance with the benchmarking of QED evolution with APFEL, and Lucian Harland-Lang and Luca Buonocore for discussions on the LuxQED procedure. R. D. B, L. D. D., and R. S. are supported by the U.K. Science and Technology Facility Council (STFC) grant ST/T000600/1. F. H. is supported by the Academy of Finland project 358090 and is funded as a part of the Center of Excellence in Quark Matter of the Academy of Finland, project 346326. E. R. N. is supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) through the \u201CRita Levi-Montalcini\u201D Program. M. U. and Z. K. are supported by the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme (grant agreement n.950246), and partially by the STFC consolidated grant ST/L000385/1. J. R. is partially supported by NWO, the Dutch Research Council. C. S. is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under reference number DE 623/6-2.

Funders	Funder number
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
U.K. Science and Technology Facility Council
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
European Research Council
UK Research and Innovation
Research Council of Finland	358090, 346326
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	ST/L000385/1, 950246
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	DE 623/6-2
Science and Technology Facilities Council	ST/T000600/1

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Ball, R. D., Barontini, A., Candido, A., Carrazza, S., Cruz-Martinez, J., Del Debbio, L., Forte, S., Giani, T., Hekhorn, F., Kassabov, Z., Laurenti, N., Magni, G., Nocera, E. R., Rabemananjara, T. R., Rojo, J., Schwan, C., Stegeman, R., & Ubiali, M. (2024). Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC. The European Physical Journal C : Particles and Fields, 84(5), 1-29. Article 540. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12731-8

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title = "Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC",

abstract = "We construct a set of parton distribution functions (PDFs), based on the recent NNPDF4.0 PDF set, that also include a photon PDF. The photon PDF is constructed using the LuxQED formalism, while QED evolution accounting for Oα, Oααs, and Oα2 corrections is implemented and benchmarked by means of the EKO code. We investigate the impact of QED effects on NNPDF4.0, and compare our results both to our previous NNPDF3.1QED PDF set and to other recent PDF sets that include the photon. We assess the impact of photon-initiated processes and electroweak corrections on a variety of representative LHC processes, and find that they can reach the 5\% level in vector boson pair production at large invariant mass.",

author = "Ball, \{Richard D.\} and Andrea Barontini and Alessandro Candido and Stefano Carrazza and Juan Cruz-Martinez and \{Del Debbio\}, Luigi and Stefano Forte and Tommaso Giani and Felix Hekhorn and Zahari Kassabov and Niccol{\`o} Laurenti and Giacomo Magni and Nocera, \{Emanuele R.\} and Rabemananjara, \{Tanjona R.\} and Juan Rojo and Christopher Schwan and Roy Stegeman and Maria Ubiali",

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doi = "10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12731-8",

language = "English",

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Ball, RD, Barontini, A, Candido, A, Carrazza, S, Cruz-Martinez, J, Del Debbio, L, Forte, S, Giani, T, Hekhorn, F, Kassabov, Z, Laurenti, N, Magni, G, Nocera, ER, Rabemananjara, TR, Rojo, J, Schwan, C, Stegeman, R & Ubiali, M 2024, 'Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC', The European Physical Journal C : Particles and Fields, vol. 84, no. 5, 540, pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12731-8

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T1 - Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC

AU - Ball, Richard D.

AU - Barontini, Andrea

AU - Candido, Alessandro

AU - Carrazza, Stefano

AU - Cruz-Martinez, Juan

AU - Del Debbio, Luigi

AU - Forte, Stefano

AU - Giani, Tommaso

AU - Hekhorn, Felix

AU - Kassabov, Zahari

AU - Laurenti, Niccolò

AU - Magni, Giacomo

AU - Nocera, Emanuele R.

AU - Rabemananjara, Tanjona R.

AU - Rojo, Juan

AU - Schwan, Christopher

AU - Stegeman, Roy

AU - Ubiali, Maria

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - We construct a set of parton distribution functions (PDFs), based on the recent NNPDF4.0 PDF set, that also include a photon PDF. The photon PDF is constructed using the LuxQED formalism, while QED evolution accounting for Oα, Oααs, and Oα2 corrections is implemented and benchmarked by means of the EKO code. We investigate the impact of QED effects on NNPDF4.0, and compare our results both to our previous NNPDF3.1QED PDF set and to other recent PDF sets that include the photon. We assess the impact of photon-initiated processes and electroweak corrections on a variety of representative LHC processes, and find that they can reach the 5% level in vector boson pair production at large invariant mass.

AB - We construct a set of parton distribution functions (PDFs), based on the recent NNPDF4.0 PDF set, that also include a photon PDF. The photon PDF is constructed using the LuxQED formalism, while QED evolution accounting for Oα, Oααs, and Oα2 corrections is implemented and benchmarked by means of the EKO code. We investigate the impact of QED effects on NNPDF4.0, and compare our results both to our previous NNPDF3.1QED PDF set and to other recent PDF sets that include the photon. We assess the impact of photon-initiated processes and electroweak corrections on a variety of representative LHC processes, and find that they can reach the 5% level in vector boson pair production at large invariant mass.

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JF - The European Physical Journal C : Particles and Fields

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ER -

Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC

Abstract

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