Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

A.F. Brooks; G. Vajente; H. Yamamoto; R. Abbott; C. Adams; R.X. Adhikari; A. Ananyeva; S. Appert; K. Arai; J.S. Areeda; Y. Asali; S.M. Aston; C. Austin; A.M. Baer; M. Ball; S.W. Ballmer; S. Banagiri; D. Barker; L. Barsotti; J. Bartlett; B.K. Berger; J. Betzwieser; D. Bhattacharjee; G. Billingsley; S. Biscans; C.D. Blair; R.M. Blair; N. Bode; P. Booker; R. Bork; A. Bramley; D.D. Brown; A. Buikema; C. Cahillane; K.C. Cannon; H.T. Cao; X. Chen; A.A. Ciobanu; F. Clara; C. Compton; S.J. Cooper; K.R. Corley; S.T. Countryman; P.B. Covas; D.C. Coyne; L.E. Datrier; D. Davis; C.D. Difronzo; K.L. Dooley; J.C. Driggers; P. Dupej; S.E. Dwyer; A. Effler; T. Etzel; M. Evans; T.M. Evans; J. Feicht; A. Fernandez-Galiana; P. Fritschel; V.V. Frolov; P. Fulda; M. Fyffe; J.A. Giaime; D.D. Giardina; P. Godwin; E. Goetz; S. Gras; C. Gray; R. Gray; A.C. Green; A. Gupta; E.K. Gustafson; D. Gustafson; E. Hall; J. Hanks; J. Hanson; T. Hardwick; R.K. Hasskew; M.C. Heintze; A.F. Helmling-Cornell; N.A. Holland; K. Izmui; W. Jia; J.D. Jones; S. Kandhasamy; S. Karki; M. Kasprzack; K. Kawabe; N. Kijbunchoo; P.J. King; J.S. Kissel; R. Kumar; M. Landry; B.B. Lane; B. Lantz; M. Laxen; Y.K. Lecoeuche; J. Leviton; L. Jian; M. Lormand; A.P. Lundgren; R. Macas; M. Macinnis; D.M. Macleod; G.L. Mansell; S. Marka; Z. Marka; D.V. Martynov; K. Mason; T.J. Massinger; F. Matichard; N. Mavalvala; R. McCarthy; D.E. McClelland; S. McCormick; L. McCuller; J. McIver; T. McRae; G. Mendell; K. Merfeld; E.L. Merilh; F. Meylahn; T. Mistry; R. Mittleman; G. Moreno; C.M. Mow-Lowry; S. Mozzon; A. Mullavey; T.J. Nelson; P. Nguyen; L.K. Nuttall; J. Oberling; R.J. Oram; C. Osthelder; D.J. Ottaway; H. Overmier; J.R. Palamos; W. Parker; E. Payne; A. Pele; R. Penhorwood; C.J. Perez; M. Pirello; H. Radkins; K.E. Ramirez; J.W. Richardson; K. Riles; N.A. Robertson; J.G. Rollins; C.L. Romel; J.H. Romie; M.P. Ross; K. Ryan; T. Sadecki; E.J. Sanchez; L.E. Sanchez; S.R. Tiruppatturrajamanikkam; R.L. Savage; D. Schaetzl; R. Schnabel; R.M. Schofield; E. Schwartz; D. Sellers; T. Shaffer; D. Sigg; B.J. Slagmolen; J.R. Smith; S. Soni; B. Sorazu; A.P. Spencer; K.A. Strain; L. Sun; M.J. Szczepanczyk; M. Thomas; P. Thomas; K.A. Thorne; K. Toland; C.I. Torrie; G. Traylor; M. Tse; A.L. Urban; G. Valdes; D.C. Vander-Hyde; P.J. Veitch; K. Venkateswara; G. Venugopalan; A.D. Viets; T. Vo; C. Vorvick; M. Wade; R.L. Ward; J. Warner; B. Weaver; R. Weiss; C. Whittle; B. Willke; C.C. Wipf; L. Xiao; H. Yu; H. Yu; L. Zhang; M.E. Zucker; J. Zweizig

doi:10.1364/AO.419689

Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

A.F. Brooks
, G. Vajente
, H. Yamamoto
, R. Abbott
, C. Adams
, R.X. Adhikari
, A. Ananyeva
, S. Appert
, K. Arai
, J.S. Areeda
, Y. Asali
, S.M. Aston
, C. Austin
, A.M. Baer
, M. Ball
, S.W. Ballmer
, S. Banagiri
, D. Barker
, L. Barsotti
, J. Bartlett

B.K. Berger, J. Betzwieser, D. Bhattacharjee, G. Billingsley, S. Biscans, C.D. Blair, R.M. Blair, N. Bode, P. Booker, R. Bork, A. Bramley, D.D. Brown, A. Buikema, C. Cahillane, K.C. Cannon, H.T. Cao, X. Chen, A.A. Ciobanu, F. Clara, C. Compton, S.J. Cooper, K.R. Corley, S.T. Countryman, P.B. Covas, D.C. Coyne, L.E. Datrier, D. Davis, C.D. Difronzo, K.L. Dooley, J.C. Driggers, P. Dupej, S.E. Dwyer, A. Effler, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T.M. Evans, J. Feicht, A. Fernandez-Galiana, P. Fritschel, V.V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, J.A. Giaime, D.D. Giardina, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, S. Gras, C. Gray, R. Gray, A.C. Green, A. Gupta, E.K. Gustafson, D. Gustafson, E. Hall, J. Hanks, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, R.K. Hasskew, M.C. Heintze, A.F. Helmling-Cornell, N.A. Holland, K. Izmui, W. Jia, J.D. Jones, S. Kandhasamy, S. Karki, M. Kasprzack, K. Kawabe, N. Kijbunchoo, P.J. King, J.S. Kissel, R. Kumar, M. Landry, B.B. Lane, B. Lantz, M. Laxen, Y.K. Lecoeuche, J. Leviton, L. Jian, M. Lormand, A.P. Lundgren, R. Macas, M. Macinnis, D.M. Macleod, G.L. Mansell, S. Marka, Z. Marka, D.V. Martynov, K. Mason, T.J. Massinger, F. Matichard, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D.E. McClelland, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, J. McIver, T. McRae, G. Mendell, K. Merfeld, E.L. Merilh, F. Meylahn, T. Mistry, R. Mittleman, G. Moreno, C.M. Mow-Lowry, S. Mozzon, A. Mullavey, T.J. Nelson, P. Nguyen, L.K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, R.J. Oram, C. Osthelder, D.J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, J.R. Palamos, W. Parker, E. Payne, A. Pele, R. Penhorwood, C.J. Perez, M. Pirello, H. Radkins, K.E. Ramirez, J.W. Richardson, K. Riles, N.A. Robertson, J.G. Rollins, C.L. Romel, J.H. Romie, M.P. Ross, K. Ryan, T. Sadecki, E.J. Sanchez, L.E. Sanchez, S.R. Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, R.L. Savage, D. Schaetzl, R. Schnabel, R.M. Schofield, E. Schwartz, D. Sellers, T. Shaffer, D. Sigg, B.J. Slagmolen, J.R. Smith, S. Soni, B. Sorazu, A.P. Spencer, K.A. Strain, L. Sun, M.J. Szczepanczyk, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K.A. Thorne, K. Toland, C.I. Torrie, G. Traylor, M. Tse, A.L. Urban, G. Valdes, D.C. Vander-Hyde, P.J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, A.D. Viets, T. Vo, C. Vorvick, M. Wade, R.L. Ward, J. Warner, B. Weaver, R. Weiss, C. Whittle, B. Willke, C.C. Wipf, L. Xiao, H. Yu, H. Yu, L. Zhang, M.E. Zucker, J. Zweizig

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4047-4063
Number of pages	17
Journal	Applied Optics
Volume	60
Issue number	13
Early online date	30 Apr 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419689
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2021
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding

Acknowledgment. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and aLIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, and the Max-Planck-Society (MPS) for support of the construction of aLIGO. Additional support for aLIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors acknowledge the LIGO Scientific Collaboration Fellows program for additional support. LIGO was constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the NSF, and operates under cooperative agreement PHY-1764464. aLIGO was built under award PHY-0823459. This paper carries LIGO Document Number LIGO-P1900287.

Funders	Funder number
Australian Research Council
Medical Research Council
California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Science and Technology Facilities Council	ST/V00154X/1, ST/V001337/1, ST/V001736/1
National Science Foundation	1764464, PHY-1764464

Access to Document

10.1364/AO.419689

Persistent URL (handle)

Persistent link

Cite this

Brooks, A. F., Vajente, G., Yamamoto, H., Abbott, R., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Areeda, J. S., Asali, Y., Aston, S. M., Austin, C., Baer, A. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barker, D., Barsotti, L., ... Zweizig, J. (2021). Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO. Applied Optics, 60(13), 4047-4063. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419689

@article{e5807e416bd04d329ab298e40fcf886b,

title = "Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO",

abstract = "Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50\% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.",

author = "A.F. Brooks and G. Vajente and H. Yamamoto and R. Abbott and C. Adams and R.X. Adhikari and A. Ananyeva and S. Appert and K. Arai and J.S. Areeda and Y. Asali and S.M. Aston and C. Austin and A.M. Baer and M. Ball and S.W. Ballmer and S. Banagiri and D. Barker and L. Barsotti and J. Bartlett and B.K. Berger and J. Betzwieser and D. Bhattacharjee and G. Billingsley and S. Biscans and C.D. Blair and R.M. Blair and N. Bode and P. Booker and R. Bork and A. Bramley and D.D. Brown and A. Buikema and C. Cahillane and K.C. Cannon and H.T. Cao and X. Chen and A.A. Ciobanu and F. Clara and C. Compton and S.J. Cooper and K.R. Corley and S.T. Countryman and P.B. Covas and D.C. Coyne and L.E. Datrier and D. Davis and C.D. Difronzo and K.L. Dooley and J.C. Driggers and P. Dupej and S.E. Dwyer and A. Effler and T. Etzel and M. Evans and T.M. Evans and J. Feicht and A. Fernandez-Galiana and P. Fritschel and V.V. Frolov and P. Fulda and M. Fyffe and J.A. Giaime and D.D. Giardina and P. Godwin and E. Goetz and S. Gras and C. Gray and R. Gray and A.C. Green and A. Gupta and E.K. Gustafson and D. Gustafson and E. Hall and J. Hanks and J. Hanson and T. Hardwick and R.K. Hasskew and M.C. Heintze and A.F. Helmling-Cornell and N.A. Holland and K. Izmui and W. Jia and J.D. Jones and S. Kandhasamy and S. Karki and M. Kasprzack and K. Kawabe and N. Kijbunchoo and P.J. King and J.S. Kissel and R. Kumar and M. Landry and B.B. Lane and B. Lantz and M. Laxen and Y.K. Lecoeuche and J. Leviton and L. Jian and M. Lormand and A.P. Lundgren and R. Macas and M. Macinnis and D.M. Macleod and G.L. Mansell and S. Marka and Z. Marka and D.V. Martynov and K. Mason and T.J. Massinger and F. Matichard and N. Mavalvala and R. McCarthy and D.E. McClelland and S. McCormick and L. McCuller and J. McIver and T. McRae and G. Mendell and K. Merfeld and E.L. Merilh and F. Meylahn and T. Mistry and R. Mittleman and G. Moreno and C.M. Mow-Lowry and S. Mozzon and A. Mullavey and T.J. Nelson and P. Nguyen and L.K. Nuttall and J. Oberling and R.J. Oram and C. Osthelder and D.J. Ottaway and H. Overmier and J.R. Palamos and W. Parker and E. Payne and A. Pele and R. Penhorwood and C.J. Perez and M. Pirello and H. Radkins and K.E. Ramirez and J.W. Richardson and K. Riles and N.A. Robertson and J.G. Rollins and C.L. Romel and J.H. Romie and M.P. Ross and K. Ryan and T. Sadecki and E.J. Sanchez and L.E. Sanchez and S.R. Tiruppatturrajamanikkam and R.L. Savage and D. Schaetzl and R. Schnabel and R.M. Schofield and E. Schwartz and D. Sellers and T. Shaffer and D. Sigg and B.J. Slagmolen and J.R. Smith and S. Soni and B. Sorazu and A.P. Spencer and K.A. Strain and L. Sun and M.J. Szczepanczyk and M. Thomas and P. Thomas and K.A. Thorne and K. Toland and C.I. Torrie and G. Traylor and M. Tse and A.L. Urban and G. Valdes and D.C. Vander-Hyde and P.J. Veitch and K. Venkateswara and G. Venugopalan and A.D. Viets and T. Vo and C. Vorvick and M. Wade and R.L. Ward and J. Warner and B. Weaver and R. Weiss and C. Whittle and B. Willke and C.C. Wipf and L. Xiao and H. Yu and H. Yu and L. Zhang and M.E. Zucker and J. Zweizig",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2021 Optical Society of America.",

year = "2021",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1364/AO.419689",

language = "English",

volume = "60",

pages = "4047--4063",

journal = "Applied Optics",

issn = "1559-128X",

publisher = "Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA)",

number = "13",

}

Brooks, AF, Vajente, G, Yamamoto, H, Abbott, R, Adams, C, Adhikari, RX, Ananyeva, A, Appert, S, Arai, K, Areeda, JS, Asali, Y, Aston, SM, Austin, C, Baer, AM, Ball, M, Ballmer, SW, Banagiri, S, Barker, D, Barsotti, L, Bartlett, J, Berger, BK, Betzwieser, J, Bhattacharjee, D, Billingsley, G, Biscans, S, Blair, CD, Blair, RM, Bode, N, Booker, P, Bork, R, Bramley, A, Brown, DD, Buikema, A, Cahillane, C, Cannon, KC, Cao, HT, Chen, X, Ciobanu, AA, Clara, F, Compton, C, Cooper, SJ, Corley, KR, Countryman, ST, Covas, PB, Coyne, DC, Datrier, LE, Davis, D, Difronzo, CD, Dooley, KL, Driggers, JC, Dupej, P, Dwyer, SE, Effler, A, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, TM, Feicht, J, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Fritschel, P, Frolov, VV, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Giaime, JA, Giardina, DD, Godwin, P, Goetz, E, Gras, S, Gray, C, Gray, R, Green, AC, Gupta, A, Gustafson, EK, Gustafson, D, Hall, E, Hanks, J, Hanson, J, Hardwick, T, Hasskew, RK, Heintze, MC, Helmling-Cornell, AF, Holland, NA, Izmui, K, Jia, W, Jones, JD, Kandhasamy, S, Karki, S, Kasprzack, M, Kawabe, K, Kijbunchoo, N, King, PJ, Kissel, JS, Kumar, R, Landry, M, Lane, BB, Lantz, B, Laxen, M, Lecoeuche, YK, Leviton, J, Jian, L, Lormand, M, Lundgren, AP, Macas, R, Macinnis, M, Macleod, DM, Mansell, GL, Marka, S, Marka, Z, Martynov, DV, Mason, K, Massinger, TJ, Matichard, F, Mavalvala, N, McCarthy, R, McClelland, DE, McCormick, S, McCuller, L, McIver, J, McRae, T, Mendell, G, Merfeld, K, Merilh, EL, Meylahn, F, Mistry, T, Mittleman, R, Moreno, G, Mow-Lowry, CM, Mozzon, S, Mullavey, A, Nelson, TJ, Nguyen, P, Nuttall, LK, Oberling, J, Oram, RJ, Osthelder, C, Ottaway, DJ, Overmier, H, Palamos, JR, Parker, W, Payne, E, Pele, A, Penhorwood, R, Perez, CJ, Pirello, M, Radkins, H, Ramirez, KE, Richardson, JW, Riles, K, Robertson, NA, Rollins, JG, Romel, CL, Romie, JH, Ross, MP, Ryan, K, Sadecki, T, Sanchez, EJ, Sanchez, LE, Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, SR, Savage, RL, Schaetzl, D, Schnabel, R, Schofield, RM, Schwartz, E, Sellers, D, Shaffer, T, Sigg, D, Slagmolen, BJ, Smith, JR, Soni, S, Sorazu, B, Spencer, AP, Strain, KA, Sun, L, Szczepanczyk, MJ, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thorne, KA, Toland, K, Torrie, CI, Traylor, G, Tse, M, Urban, AL, Valdes, G, Vander-Hyde, DC, Veitch, PJ, Venkateswara, K, Venugopalan, G, Viets, AD, Vo, T, Vorvick, C, Wade, M, Ward, RL, Warner, J, Weaver, B, Weiss, R, Whittle, C, Willke, B, Wipf, CC, Xiao, L, Yu, H, Yu, H, Zhang, L, Zucker, ME & Zweizig, J 2021, 'Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO', Applied Optics, vol. 60, no. 13, pp. 4047-4063. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419689

TY - JOUR

T1 - Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

AU - Brooks, A.F.

AU - Vajente, G.

AU - Yamamoto, H.

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Adams, C.

AU - Adhikari, R.X.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Areeda, J.S.

AU - Asali, Y.

AU - Aston, S.M.

AU - Austin, C.

AU - Baer, A.M.

AU - Ball, M.

AU - Ballmer, S.W.

AU - Banagiri, S.

AU - Barker, D.

AU - Barsotti, L.

AU - Bartlett, J.

AU - Berger, B.K.

AU - Betzwieser, J.

AU - Bhattacharjee, D.

AU - Billingsley, G.

AU - Biscans, S.

AU - Blair, C.D.

AU - Blair, R.M.

AU - Bode, N.

AU - Booker, P.

AU - Bork, R.

AU - Bramley, A.

AU - Brown, D.D.

AU - Buikema, A.

AU - Cahillane, C.

AU - Cannon, K.C.

AU - Cao, H.T.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Ciobanu, A.A.

AU - Clara, F.

AU - Compton, C.

AU - Cooper, S.J.

AU - Corley, K.R.

AU - Countryman, S.T.

AU - Covas, P.B.

AU - Coyne, D.C.

AU - Datrier, L.E.

AU - Davis, D.

AU - Difronzo, C.D.

AU - Dooley, K.L.

AU - Driggers, J.C.

AU - Dupej, P.

AU - Dwyer, S.E.

AU - Effler, A.

AU - Etzel, T.

AU - Evans, M.

AU - Evans, T.M.

AU - Feicht, J.

AU - Fernandez-Galiana, A.

AU - Fritschel, P.

AU - Frolov, V.V.

AU - Fulda, P.

AU - Fyffe, M.

AU - Giaime, J.A.

AU - Giardina, D.D.

AU - Godwin, P.

AU - Goetz, E.

AU - Gras, S.

AU - Gray, C.

AU - Gray, R.

AU - Green, A.C.

AU - Gupta, A.

AU - Gustafson, E.K.

AU - Gustafson, D.

AU - Hall, E.

AU - Hanks, J.

AU - Hanson, J.

AU - Hardwick, T.

AU - Hasskew, R.K.

AU - Heintze, M.C.

AU - Helmling-Cornell, A.F.

AU - Holland, N.A.

AU - Izmui, K.

AU - Jia, W.

AU - Jones, J.D.

AU - Kandhasamy, S.

AU - Karki, S.

AU - Kasprzack, M.

AU - Kawabe, K.

AU - Kijbunchoo, N.

AU - King, P.J.

AU - Kissel, J.S.

AU - Kumar, R.

AU - Landry, M.

AU - Lane, B.B.

AU - Lantz, B.

AU - Laxen, M.

AU - Lecoeuche, Y.K.

AU - Leviton, J.

AU - Jian, L.

AU - Lormand, M.

AU - Lundgren, A.P.

AU - Macas, R.

AU - Macinnis, M.

AU - Macleod, D.M.

AU - Mansell, G.L.

AU - Marka, S.

AU - Marka, Z.

AU - Martynov, D.V.

AU - Mason, K.

AU - Massinger, T.J.

AU - Matichard, F.

AU - Mavalvala, N.

AU - McCarthy, R.

AU - McClelland, D.E.

AU - McCormick, S.

AU - McCuller, L.

AU - McIver, J.

AU - McRae, T.

AU - Mendell, G.

AU - Merfeld, K.

AU - Merilh, E.L.

AU - Meylahn, F.

AU - Mistry, T.

AU - Mittleman, R.

AU - Moreno, G.

AU - Mow-Lowry, C.M.

AU - Mozzon, S.

AU - Mullavey, A.

AU - Nelson, T.J.

AU - Nguyen, P.

AU - Nuttall, L.K.

AU - Oberling, J.

AU - Oram, R.J.

AU - Osthelder, C.

AU - Ottaway, D.J.

AU - Overmier, H.

AU - Palamos, J.R.

AU - Parker, W.

AU - Payne, E.

AU - Pele, A.

AU - Penhorwood, R.

AU - Perez, C.J.

AU - Pirello, M.

AU - Radkins, H.

AU - Ramirez, K.E.

AU - Richardson, J.W.

AU - Riles, K.

AU - Robertson, N.A.

AU - Rollins, J.G.

AU - Romel, C.L.

AU - Romie, J.H.

AU - Ross, M.P.

AU - Ryan, K.

AU - Sadecki, T.

AU - Sanchez, E.J.

AU - Sanchez, L.E.

AU - Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, S.R.

AU - Savage, R.L.

AU - Schaetzl, D.

AU - Schnabel, R.

AU - Schofield, R.M.

AU - Schwartz, E.

AU - Sellers, D.

AU - Shaffer, T.

AU - Sigg, D.

AU - Slagmolen, B.J.

AU - Smith, J.R.

AU - Soni, S.

AU - Sorazu, B.

AU - Spencer, A.P.

AU - Strain, K.A.

AU - Sun, L.

AU - Szczepanczyk, M.J.

AU - Thomas, M.

AU - Thomas, P.

AU - Thorne, K.A.

AU - Toland, K.

AU - Torrie, C.I.

AU - Traylor, G.

AU - Tse, M.

AU - Urban, A.L.

AU - Valdes, G.

AU - Vander-Hyde, D.C.

AU - Veitch, P.J.

AU - Venkateswara, K.

AU - Venugopalan, G.

AU - Viets, A.D.

AU - Vo, T.

AU - Vorvick, C.

AU - Wade, M.

AU - Ward, R.L.

AU - Warner, J.

AU - Weaver, B.

AU - Weiss, R.

AU - Whittle, C.

AU - Willke, B.

AU - Wipf, C.C.

AU - Xiao, L.

AU - Yu, H.

AU - Zhang, L.

AU - Zucker, M.E.

AU - Zweizig, J.

PY - 2021/5/1

Y1 - 2021/5/1

N2 - Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.

AB - Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85105289458

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85105289458#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1364/AO.419689

DO - 10.1364/AO.419689

M3 - Article

SN - 1559-128X

VL - 60

SP - 4047

EP - 4063

JO - Applied Optics

JF - Applied Optics

IS - 13

ER -

Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

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