Power loss of the chain drive in a race tandem bicycle

Albert Smit*, Stephan van der Zwaard, Ina Janssen, Thomas W.J. Janssen

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Tandem cycling is a paralympic discipline, in which two cyclists ride on one tandem bicycle. Their performance can be improved by minimizing power losses. This study aimed to quantify power loss due to the chain drive of a tandem bicycle and influence of power input, location of power input, and rear chain wheel size. Power loss was determined by the difference between power input applied on the cranks (front or back rider) and power output measured at the rear wheel. Power output values were set from 100 to 400 W, with 50 W increments, and using two gear ratios, 53-11 and 53-13. Power input was generated at the back crank (with only the primary chain—solo bicycle—and with primary and secondary chain attached) and at the front crank (with primary and secondary chain attached). The power loss for the solo bicycle was 2.1% (± 1.5%). A significantly larger power loss was found for the tandem in the back (3.7 ± 2.4%, p < 0.001) and front positions (3.0 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001), with marginal differences between positions at higher power output. Power loss for the tandem was lower with gear 53-13 (2.9% ± 1.7%) compared to 53-11 (4.0 ± 2.8%, p < 0.001, effect size is medium). Therefore, findings suggest that back and front riders experience similar power losses due to the chain drive, but more than on a solo bicycle. Tandem cyclists can reduce their power loss in the chain drive by selecting larger gear ratios. Coaches may consider these findings for selecting and coaching their tandem cyclists.

Original languageEnglish
Article number49
Pages (from-to)1-8
Number of pages8
JournalSports Engineering
Volume26
Early online date14 Nov 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Hans Agricola for the technical assistance in preparation of this project.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).

Funding

The authors would like to thank Hans Agricola for the technical assistance in preparation of this project.

Keywords

  • Para-cycling
  • Power output
  • Transmission efficiency

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