Probable Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 4,612 Participants

Katri Sääksjärvi; Tommi Härkänen; Sari Stenholm; Laura Schaap; Annamari Lundqvist; Seppo Koskinen; Katja Borodulin; Marjolein Visser

doi:10.1159/000527804

Probable Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 4,612 Participants

Katri Sääksjärvi^*, Tommi Härkänen, Sari Stenholm, Laura Schaap, Annamari Lundqvist, Seppo Koskinen, Katja Borodulin, Marjolein Visser

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Conflicting evidence exists concerning whether having sarcopenic obesity has additive mortality risk over having only sarcopenia or obesity. We examined the independent and combined associations of obesity and probable sarcopenia with all-cause mortality.

METHODS: The pooled analysis included three large, harmonized datasets (Health 2000 Survey; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study; Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam) with mortality follow-up data on individuals aged 70 years and over at baseline (n = 4,612). Obesity indicators included body mass index and waist circumference, and probable sarcopenia was defined based on grip strength. The mixed effects Cox model was used for statistical analyses, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, race, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and baseline diseases.

RESULTS: Risk of death increased for those having probable sarcopenia only (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.85) or probable sarcopenia with obesity (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.64) but not for the obese-only group (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-1.01), when compared to non-obese non-sarcopenic individuals. The results were similar regardless of adjustments for covariates or different obesity criteria applied.

CONCLUSION: Probable sarcopenia, whether combined with obesity or not, is associated with increased mortality. Obesity did not increase mortality among older adults. Maintaining muscle strength and identifying older adults at risk of sarcopenia is important for the prevention of premature mortality.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	706-715
Number of pages	10
Journal	Gerontology
Volume	69
Issue number	6
Early online date	6 Jun 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1159/000527804
Publication status	Published - Jun 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by Academy of Finland grant number 321625 to KS. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Contracts N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106, NIA Grant R01-AG028050, and NINR Grant R01-NR012459. This research was funded in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIA. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam is supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. The sponsors did not have any role in the preparation of data or the manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 S. Karger AG. All rights reserved.

Funding

This work was supported by Academy of Finland grant number 321625 to KS. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Contracts N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106, NIA Grant R01-AG028050, and NINR Grant R01-NR012459. This research was funded in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIA. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam is supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. The sponsors did not have any role in the preparation of data or the manuscript.

Keywords

Body mass index
Grip strength
Risk of death
Waist circumference

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1159/000527804

000527804_Probable Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Risk of All-Cause MortalityFinal published version, 169 KBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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title = "Probable Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 4,612 Participants",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Conflicting evidence exists concerning whether having sarcopenic obesity has additive mortality risk over having only sarcopenia or obesity. We examined the independent and combined associations of obesity and probable sarcopenia with all-cause mortality.METHODS: The pooled analysis included three large, harmonized datasets (Health 2000 Survey; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study; Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam) with mortality follow-up data on individuals aged 70 years and over at baseline (n = 4,612). Obesity indicators included body mass index and waist circumference, and probable sarcopenia was defined based on grip strength. The mixed effects Cox model was used for statistical analyses, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, race, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and baseline diseases.RESULTS: Risk of death increased for those having probable sarcopenia only (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.85) or probable sarcopenia with obesity (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.64) but not for the obese-only group (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-1.01), when compared to non-obese non-sarcopenic individuals. The results were similar regardless of adjustments for covariates or different obesity criteria applied.CONCLUSION: Probable sarcopenia, whether combined with obesity or not, is associated with increased mortality. Obesity did not increase mortality among older adults. Maintaining muscle strength and identifying older adults at risk of sarcopenia is important for the prevention of premature mortality.",

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note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Academy of Finland grant number 321625 to KS. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Contracts N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106, NIA Grant R01-AG028050, and NINR Grant R01-NR012459. This research was funded in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIA. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam is supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. The sponsors did not have any role in the preparation of data or the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 S. Karger AG. All rights reserved.",

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T2 - A Pooled Analysis of 4,612 Participants

AU - Sääksjärvi, Katri

AU - Härkänen, Tommi

AU - Stenholm, Sari

AU - Schaap, Laura

AU - Lundqvist, Annamari

AU - Koskinen, Seppo

AU - Borodulin, Katja

AU - Visser, Marjolein

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Academy of Finland grant number 321625 to KS. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Contracts N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106, NIA Grant R01-AG028050, and NINR Grant R01-NR012459. This research was funded in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIA. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam is supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. The sponsors did not have any role in the preparation of data or the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 S. Karger AG. All rights reserved.

PY - 2023/6

Y1 - 2023/6

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Conflicting evidence exists concerning whether having sarcopenic obesity has additive mortality risk over having only sarcopenia or obesity. We examined the independent and combined associations of obesity and probable sarcopenia with all-cause mortality.METHODS: The pooled analysis included three large, harmonized datasets (Health 2000 Survey; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study; Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam) with mortality follow-up data on individuals aged 70 years and over at baseline (n = 4,612). Obesity indicators included body mass index and waist circumference, and probable sarcopenia was defined based on grip strength. The mixed effects Cox model was used for statistical analyses, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, race, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and baseline diseases.RESULTS: Risk of death increased for those having probable sarcopenia only (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.85) or probable sarcopenia with obesity (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.64) but not for the obese-only group (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-1.01), when compared to non-obese non-sarcopenic individuals. The results were similar regardless of adjustments for covariates or different obesity criteria applied.CONCLUSION: Probable sarcopenia, whether combined with obesity or not, is associated with increased mortality. Obesity did not increase mortality among older adults. Maintaining muscle strength and identifying older adults at risk of sarcopenia is important for the prevention of premature mortality.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Conflicting evidence exists concerning whether having sarcopenic obesity has additive mortality risk over having only sarcopenia or obesity. We examined the independent and combined associations of obesity and probable sarcopenia with all-cause mortality.METHODS: The pooled analysis included three large, harmonized datasets (Health 2000 Survey; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study; Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam) with mortality follow-up data on individuals aged 70 years and over at baseline (n = 4,612). Obesity indicators included body mass index and waist circumference, and probable sarcopenia was defined based on grip strength. The mixed effects Cox model was used for statistical analyses, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, race, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and baseline diseases.RESULTS: Risk of death increased for those having probable sarcopenia only (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.85) or probable sarcopenia with obesity (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.64) but not for the obese-only group (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-1.01), when compared to non-obese non-sarcopenic individuals. The results were similar regardless of adjustments for covariates or different obesity criteria applied.CONCLUSION: Probable sarcopenia, whether combined with obesity or not, is associated with increased mortality. Obesity did not increase mortality among older adults. Maintaining muscle strength and identifying older adults at risk of sarcopenia is important for the prevention of premature mortality.

KW - Body mass index

KW - Grip strength

KW - Risk of death

KW - Waist circumference

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Probable Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 4,612 Participants

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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