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Search for intermediate-mass black hole binaries in the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

  • R. Abbott
  • , T.D. Abbott
  • , F. Acernese
  • , K. Ackley
  • , C. Adams
  • , N. Adhikari
  • , R.X. Adhikari
  • , V.B. Adya
  • , C. Affeldt
  • , D. Agarwal
  • , M. Agathos
  • , K. Agatsuma
  • , N. Aggarwal
  • , O.D. Aguiar
  • , L. Aiello
  • , A. Ain
  • , P. Ajith
  • , T. Akutsu
  • , S. Albanesi
  • , A. Allocca
  • P.A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S.V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J.M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, K. Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M.C. Araya, J.S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, S.M. Aronson, K.G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S.M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M.K.M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A.M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S.W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J.C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B.C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M.A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J.C. Bayley, A.C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V.M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T.F. Bennett, J.D. Bentley, M. Benyaala, F. Bergamin, B.K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C.P.L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I.A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J.K. Blackburn, C.D. Blair, D.G. Blair, R.M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L.D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B.A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P.R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J.E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J.H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A.F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D.D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, T. Bulik, H.J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R.L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J.D. Callaghan, T.A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. Cameron, J.B. Camp, M. Canepa, S. Canevarolo, M. Cannavacciuolo, K.C. Cannon, H. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, J.B. Carlin, M.F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, G. Carullo, T.L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, M. Ceasar, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, E. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C.L. Chan, K. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E.A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, D. Chatterjee, D. Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty, K. Chatziioannou, C. Chen, H.Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, Z. Chen, H. Cheng, C.K. Cheong, H.Y. Cheung, H.Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, C.-Y. Chiang, G. Chiarini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, M.L. Chiofalo, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H.S. Cho, R.K. Choudhary, S. Choudhary, N. Christensen, H. Chu, Q. Chu, Y.-K. Chu, S. Chua, K.W. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, M. Cifaldi, A.A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, E.N. Clark, J.A. Clark, L. Clarke, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, E. Codazzo, P.-F. Cohadon, D.E. Cohen, L. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C.G. Collette, A. Colombo, M. Colpi, C.M. Compton, M. Constancio, L. Conti, S.J. Cooper, P. Corban, T.R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K.R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C.A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M.W. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S.T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, D.M. Coward, M.J. Cowart, D.C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J.D.E. Creighton, T.D. Creighton, A.W. Criswell, M. Croquette, S.G. Crowder, J.R. Cudell, T.J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Curyło, P. Dabadie, T. Dal Canton, S. Dall'osso, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L.M. Daneshgaran Bajastani, B. D'Angelo, S. Danilishin, S. D'Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L.E.H. Datrier, S. Datta, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G.S. Davies, D. Davis, M.C. Davis, E.J. Daw, R. Dean, D. Debra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L.M. De Marchi, F. De Matteis, V. D'Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. De Salvo, R. De Simone, S. Dhurandhar, M.C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz, N.A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A.K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. D'Onofrio, F. Donovan, K.L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, M. Drago, J.C. Driggers, Y. Drori, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D'Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S.E. Dwyer, C. Eassa, P.J. Easter, M. Ebersold, T. Eckhardt, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T.B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, S. Eguchi, J. Eichholz, S.S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R.A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, E. Engelby, Y. Enomoto, L. Errico, R. Essick, H. Estellés, D. Estevez, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T.M. Evans, B.E. Ewing, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, A.M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W.M. Farr, N.W. Farrow, E.J. Fauchon-Jones, G. Favaro, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M.M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, D.L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T.A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, I. Fiori, M. Fishbach, R.P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, H. Fong, J.A. Font, B. Fornal, P.W.F. Forsyth, A. Franke, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, C. Frederick, J.P. Freed, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V.V. Frolov, G.G. Fronzé, Y. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, M. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H.A. Gabbard, B.U. Gadre, J.R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, D. Gao, S.G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, C. García-Núñez, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G.-G. Ge, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, J. George, O. Gerberding, L. Gergely, P. Gewecke, S. Ghonge, A. Ghosh, A. Ghosh, S. Ghosh, S. Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J.A. Giaime, K.D. Giardina, D.R. Gibson, C. Gier, M. Giesler, P. Giri, F. Gissi, J. Glanzer, A.E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, D.W. Gould, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A.C. Green, R. Green, A.M. Gretarsson, E.M. Gretarsson, D. Griffith, W. Griffiths, H.L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, S.J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, D. Guerra, G.M. Guidi, A.R. Guimaraes, G. Guixé, H.K. Gulati, H.-K. Guo, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, A. Gupta, P. Gupta, E.K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, F. Guzman, S. Ha, L. Haegel, A. Hagiwara, S. Haino, O. Halim, E.D. Hall, E.Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, W.-B. Han, M. Haney, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M.D. Hannam, O. Hannuksela, H. Hansen, T.J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G.M. Harry, I.W. Harry, D. Hartwig, K. Hasegawa, B. Haskell, R.K. Hasskew, C.-J. Haster, K. Hattori, K. Haughian, H. Hayakawa, K. Hayama, F.J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, A. Heidt, M.C. Heintze, J. Heinze, J. Heinzel, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, A.F. Helmling-Cornell, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I.S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M.H. Hennig, A.G. Hernandez, F. Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, S. Hild, P. Hill, Y. Himemoto, A.S. Hines, Y. Hiranuma, N. Hirata, E. Hirose, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, J.N. Hohmann, D.G. Holcomb, N.A. Holland, I.J. Hollows, Z.J. Holmes, K. Holt, D.E. Holz, Z. Hong, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, S. Hourihane, E.J. Howell, C.G. Hoy, D. Hoyland, A. Hreibi, B.-H. Hsieh, Y. Hsu, G.-Z. Huang, H.-Y. Huang, P. Huang, Y.-C. Huang, Y.-J. Huang, Y. Huang, M.T. Hübner, A.D. Huddart, B. Hughey, D.C.Y. Hui, V. Hui, S. Husa, S.H. Huttner, R. Huxford, T. Huynh-Dinh, S. Ide, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, B. Ikenoue, S. Imam, K. Inayoshi, C. Ingram, Y. Inoue, K. Ioka, M. Isi, K. Isleif, K. Ito, Y. Itoh, B.R. Iyer, K. Izumi, V. Jaberian Hamedan, T. Jacqmin, S.J. Jadhav, S.P. Jadhav, A.L. James, A.Z. Jan, K. Jani, J. Janquart, K. Janssens, N.N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, R. Jaume, A.C. Jenkins, K. Jenner, C. Jeon, M. Jeunon, W. Jia, H.-B. Jin, G.R. Johns, A.W. Jones, D.I. Jones, J.D. Jones, P. Jones, R. Jones, R.J.G. Jonker, L. Ju, P. Jung, K. Jung, J. Junker, V. Juste, K. Kaihotsu, T. Kajita, M. Kakizaki, C.V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J.B. Kanner, Y. Kao, S.J. Kapadia, D.P. Kapasi, S. Karat, C. Karathanasis, S. Karki, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, K. Kawaguchi, N. Kawai, T. Kawasaki, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, J.S. Key, S. Khadka, F.Y. Khalili, S. Khan, E.A. Khazanov, N. Khetan, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, C. Kim, J.C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, W.S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, N. Kimura, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J.S. Kissel, N. Kita, H. Kitazawa, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, A.M. Knee, T.D. Knowles, E. Knyazev, P. Koch, G. Koekoek, Y. Kojima, K. Kokeyama, S. Koley, P. Kolitsidou, M. Kolstein, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A.K.H. Kong, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, K. Kotake, M. Kovalam, D.B. Kozak, C. Kozakai, R. Kozu, V. Kringel, N.V. Krishnendu, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, F. Kuei, P. Kuijer, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, R. Kumar, J. Kume, K. Kuns, C. Kuo, H.-S. Kuo, Y. Kuromiya, S. Kuroyanagi, K. Kusayanagi, S. Kuwahara, K. Kwak, P. Lagabbe, D. Laghi, E. Lalande, T.L. Lam, A. Lamberts, M. Landry, B.B. Lane, R.N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, I. La Rosa, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P.D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, Y.K. Lecoeuche, H.K. Lee, H.M. Lee, H.W. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, R. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lemaître, M. Leonardi, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, C. Levesque, Y. Levin, J.N. Leviton, K. Leyde, A.K.Y. Li, B. Li, J. Li, K.L. Li, T.G.F. Li, X. Li, C.-Y. Lin, F.-K. Lin, F.-L. Lin, H.L. Lin, L.C.-C. Lin, F. Linde, S.D. Linker, J.N. Linley, T.B. Littenberg, G.C. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liu, X. Liu, F. Llamas, M. Llorens-Monteagudo, R.K.L. Lo, A. Lockwood, L.T. London, A. Longo, D. Lopez, M. Lopez Portilla, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, T.P. Lott, J.D. Lough, C.O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, J.F. Lucaccioni, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A.P. Lundgren, L.-W. Luo, J.E. Lynam, R. MacAs, M. MacInnis, D.M. MacLeod, I.A.O. MacMillan, A. MacQuet, I. Magaña Hernandez, C. Magazzù, R.M. Magee, R. Maggiore, M. Magnozzi, S. Mahesh, E. Majorana, C. Makarem, I. Maksimovic, S. Maliakal, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, J.L. Mango, G.L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, M. Mapelli, F. Marchesoni, M. Marchio, F. Marion, Z. Mark, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A.S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I.W. Martin, R.M. Martin, M. Martinez, V.A. Martinez, V. Martinez, K. Martinovic, D.V. Martynov, E.J. Marx, H. Masalehdan, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T.J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, M. Mateu-Lucena, F. Matichard, M. Matiushechkina, N. Mavalvala, J.J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D.E. McClelland, P.K. McClincy, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, G.I. McGhee, S.C. McGuire, C. McIsaac, J. McIver, T. McRae, S.T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, M. Mehmet, A.K. Mehta, Q. Meijer, A. Melatos, D.A. Melchor, G. Mendell, A. Menendez-Vazquez, C.S. Menoni, R.A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E.L. Merilh, J.D. Merritt, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, P.M. Meyers, F. Meylahn, A. Mhaske, A. Miani, H. Miao, I. Michaloliakos, C. Michel, Y. Michimura, H. Middleton, L. Milano, A.L. Miller, A. Miller, B. Miller, M. Millhouse, J.C. Mills, E. Milotti, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, N. Mio, L.M. Mir, M. Miravet-Tenés, C. Mishra, T. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V.P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, A. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, K. Miyo, S. Miyoki, G. Mo, E. Moguel, K. Mogushi, S.R.P. Mohapatra, S.R. Mohite, I. Molina, M. Molina-Ruiz, M. Mondin, M. Montani, C.J. Moore, D. Moraru, F. Morawski, A. More, C. Moreno, G. Moreno, Y. Mori, S. Morisaki, Y. Moriwaki, B. Mours, C.M. Mow-Lowry, S. Mozzon, F. Muciaccia, A. Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E.A. Muñiz, P.G. Murray, R. Musenich, S. Muusse, S.L. Nadji, K. Nagano, S. Nagano, A. Nagar, K. Nakamura, H. Nakano, M. Nakano, R. Nakashima, Y. Nakayama, V. Napolano, I. Nardecchia, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, B. Nayak, R.K. Nayak, R. Negishi, B.F. Neil, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T.J.N. Nelson, M. Nery, P. Neubauer, A. Neunzert, K.Y. Ng, S.W.S. Ng, C. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, L. Nguyen Quynh, W.-T. Ni, S.A. Nichols, A. Nishizawa, S. Nissanke, E. Nitoglia, F. Nocera, M. Norman, C. North, S. Nozaki, L.K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, B.D. O'Brien, Y. Obuchi, J. O'Dell, E. Oelker, W. Ogaki, G. Oganesyan, J.J. Oh, K. Oh, S.H. Oh, M. Ohashi, N. Ohishi, M. Ohkawa, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M.A. Okada, Y. Okutani, K. Okutomi, C. Olivetto, K. Oohara, C. Ooi, R. Oram, B. O'Reilly, R.G. Ormiston, N.D. Ormsby, L.F. Ortega, R. O'Shaughnessy, E. O'Shea, S. Oshino, S. Ossokine, C. Osthelder, S. Otabe, D.J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, A.E. Pace, G. Pagano, M.A. Page, G. Pagliaroli, A. Pai, S.A. Pai, J.R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, H. Pan, K. Pan, P.K. Panda, H. Pang, P.T.H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B.C. Pant, F.H. Panther, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Paolone, A. Parisi, H. Park, J. Park, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patel, M. Pathak, B. Patricelli, A.S. Patron, S. Patrone, S. Paul, E. Payne, M. Pedraza, M. Pegoraro, A. Pele, F.E. Peña Arellano, S. Penn, A. Perego, A. Pereira, T. Pereira, C.J. Perez, C. Périgois, C.C. Perkins, A. Perreca, S. Perriès, J. Petermann, D. Petterson, H.P. Pfeiffer, K.A. Pham, K.S. Phukon, O.J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, M. Piendibene, F. Piergiovanni, L. Pierini, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, M. Pillas, F. Pilo, L. Pinard, I.M. Pinto, M. Pinto, K. Piotrzkowski, M. Pirello, M.D. Pitkin, E. Placidi, L. Planas, W. Plastino, C. Pluchar, R. Poggiani, E. Polini, D.Y.T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E.K. Porter, R. Poulton, J. Powell, M. Pracchia, T. Pradier, A.K. Prajapati, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, M. Principe, G.A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, P. Prosposito, L. Prudenzi, A. Puecher, M. Punturo, F. Puosi, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, F.J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S.X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, K.E. Ramirez, T.D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, P. Rapagnani, U.D. Rapol, A. Ray, V. Raymond, N. Raza, M. Razzano, J. Read, L.A. Rees, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, S.W. Reid, D.H. Reitze, P. Relton, A. Renzini, P. Rettegno, M. Rezac, F. Ricci, D. Richards, J.W. Richardson, L. Richardson, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, S. Rinaldi, K. Rink, M. Rizzo, N.A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Rodriguez, L. Rolland, J.G. Rollins, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C.L. Romel, A. 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Abstract

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range 100-105 M· , between black holes (BHs) that formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most energetic gravitational-wave sources accessible by the terrestrial detector network. Searches of the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo did not yield any significant IMBH binary signals. In the third observing run (O3), the increased network sensitivity enabled the detection of GW190521, a signal consistent with a binary merger of mass ∼150 M· providing direct evidence of IMBH formation. Here, we report on a dedicated search of O3 data for further IMBH binary mergers, combining both modeled (matched filter) and model-independent search methods. We find some marginal candidates, but none are sufficiently significant to indicate detection of further IMBH mergers. We quantify the sensitivity of the individual search methods and of the combined search using a suite of IMBH binary signals obtained via numerical relativity, including the effects of spins misaligned with the binary orbital axis, and present the resulting upper limits on astrophysical merger rates. Our most stringent limit is for equal mass and aligned spin BH binary of total mass 200 M· and effective aligned spin 0.8 at 0.056 Gpc-3 yr-1 (90% confidence), a factor of 3.5 more constraining than previous LIGO-Virgo limits. We also update the estimated rate of mergers similar to GW190521 to 0.08 Gpc-3 yr-1.
Original languageEnglish
Article numberA84
Pages (from-to)1-25
Number of pages25
JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
Volume659
Early online date16 Mar 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2022

Funding

Acknowledgements. This material is based upon work supported by NSF\u2019s LIGO Laboratory which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00F3n, the Vicepresid\u00E8ncia i Conselleria d\u2019Innovaci\u00F3, Recerca i Tur-isme and the Conselleria d\u2019Educaci\u00F3 i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d\u2019Innovaci\u00F3, Universitats, Ci\u00E8ncia i Societat Digital de la Gener-alitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the National Science Centre of Poland and the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concert\u00E9es (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek \u2013 Vlaan-deren (FWO), Belgium, the Paris \u00CEle-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, the United States Department of Energy, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361 and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, National Research Foundation (NRF) and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, and Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK. We would like to thank all of the essential workers who put their health at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, without whom we would not have been able to complete this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361 and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, National Research Foundation (NRF) and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, and Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK.

FundersFunder number
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
Ministry of Education, India
Australian Research Council
ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research
National Research Foundation of Korea
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
National Science Foundation
Scottish Funding Council
Actions de Recherche Concertées
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
French Lyon Institute of Origins
Leverhulme Trust
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaan-deren
Science and Engineering Research Board
Generalitat de Catalunya
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Canada Foundation for Innovation
Kavli Foundation
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
KISTI-GSDC
European Commission
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
U.S. Department of Energy
Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee
Russian Science Foundation
Advanced Technology Center
Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej
Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Royal Society
Universitat de les Illes Balears
European Regional Development Fund
Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Gener-alitat Valenciana
University of Tokyo
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Science and Technology Facilities CouncilST/S002464/1
Academia SinicaAS-CDA-105-M06
Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaIncentivo/SAU/LA0001/2013
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science18K03630, 17H06133, JP17H06361, JP17H06364, JP17H06358

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