Self‐control and grit are associated with school performance mainly because of shared genetic effects

Funding

The authors warmly thank all participating families and teachers in the Netherlands Twin Register who supplied data. The authors also thank Eveline de Zeeuw for her valuable contributions at the start of this project. NTR gratefully acknowledges funding by CID (Consortium on Individual Development) through the Gravitation Program of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO grant number 024-001-003); \u2018Decoding the gene-environment interplay of reading ability\u2019 (EvB's VENI; NWO: 451-15-017); \u2018Netherlands Twin Registry Repository: researching the interplay between genome and environment\u2019 (NWO: 480-15-001/674); \u2018Twin-family study of individual differences in school achievement\u2019 (NWO: 056-32-010); \u2018Longitudinal data collection from teachers of Dutch twins and their siblings\u2019 (NWO: 481-08-011). Elsje van Bergen is a Jacobs Foundation Research Fellow. The authors warmly thank all participating families and teachers in the Netherlands Twin Register who supplied data. The authors also thank Eveline de Zeeuw for her valuable contributions at the start of this project. NTR gratefully acknowledges funding by CID (Consortium on Individual Development) through the Gravitation Program of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO grant number 024\u2010001\u2010003); \u2018Decoding the gene\u2010environment interplay of reading ability\u2019 (EvB's VENI; NWO: 451\u201015\u2010017); \u2018Netherlands Twin Registry Repository: researching the interplay between genome and environment\u2019 (NWO: 480\u201015\u2010001/674); \u2018Twin\u2010family study of individual differences in school achievement\u2019 (NWO: 056\u201032\u2010010); \u2018Longitudinal data collection from teachers of Dutch twins and their siblings\u2019 (NWO: 481\u201008\u2010011). Elsje van Bergen is a Jacobs Foundation Research Fellow.