Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations

Tzu Ting Chen; Jaeyoung Kim; Max Lam; Yi Fang Chuang; Yen Ling Chiu; Shu Chin Lin; Sang Hyuk Jung; Beomsu Kim; Soyeon Kim; Chamlee Cho; Injeong Shim; Sanghyeon Park; Yeeun Ahn; Aysu Okbay; Hyemin Jang; Hee Jin Kim; Sang Won Seo; Woong Yang Park; Tian Ge; Hailiang Huang; Yen Chen Anne Feng; Yen Feng Lin; Woojae Myung; Chia Yen Chen; Hong Hee Won

doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01781-9

Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations

Tzu Ting Chen, Jaeyoung Kim, Max Lam, Yi Fang Chuang, Yen Ling Chiu, Shu Chin Lin, Sang Hyuk Jung, Beomsu Kim, Soyeon Kim, Chamlee Cho, Injeong Shim, Sanghyeon Park, Yeeun Ahn, Aysu Okbay, Hyemin Jang, Hee Jin Kim, Sang Won Seo, Woong Yang Park, Tian Ge, Hailiang HuangYen Chen Anne Feng, Yen Feng Lin^*, Woojae Myung^*, Chia Yen Chen^*, Hong Hee Won^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Educational attainment (EduYears), a heritable trait often used as a proxy for cognitive ability, is associated with various health and social outcomes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on EduYears have been focused on samples of European (EUR) genetic ancestries. Here we present the first large-scale GWAS of EduYears in people of East Asian (EAS) ancestry (n = 176,400) and conduct a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with EduYears GWAS in people of EUR ancestry (n = 766,345). EduYears showed a high genetic correlation and power-adjusted transferability ratio between EAS and EUR. We also found similar functional enrichment, gene expression enrichment and cross-trait genetic correlations between two populations. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping identified refined credible sets with a higher posterior inclusion probability than single population fine-mapping. Polygenic prediction analysis in four independent EAS and EUR cohorts demonstrated transferability between populations. Our study supports the need for further research on diverse ancestries to increase our understanding of the genetic basis of educational attainment.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	562-575
Number of pages	14
Journal	Nature Human Behaviour
Volume	8
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01781-9
Publication status	Published - Mar 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.

Funding

We thank the participants of TWB and the staff, management team and leadership of TWB. We thank UKBB, dbGaP and the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium for providing resources and releasing the genome-wide association summary statistics that made this study possible. We thank the National Core Facility for Biopharmaceuticals (NCFB, 111-2740-B-492-001) and National Center for High-performance Computing (NCHC) of National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs) of Taiwan for providing computational and storage resources. This study was supported by the National Health Research Institutes (NP-110, 111, 112-PP-09 to Y.-F.L.) and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 109-2314-B-400-017 and 110-2314-B-400-028-MY3 to Y.-F.L., 111-2314-B-002-299 and 112-2314-B-002-200-MY3 to Y.-C.A.F., 106-2628-B-010-001-MY4 and 110-2314-B-A49A-524 to Y.-F.C., and 110-2321-B-418-001 to Y.-L.C.). This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technologies, South Korea (grant numbers NRF-2021R1A2C4001779 to W.M. and NRF-2022R1A2C2009998 to H.-H.W.), and by the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, South Korea (HU22C0042 and HU21C0111 to H.-H.W.). This study was supported by Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center (#SMX1230081 to H.-H.W.). This study was conducted using bioresources from the National Biobank of Korea, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, South Korea (KBN-2021-031). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

Funders	Funder number
Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technologies, South Korea	NRF-2021R1A2C4001779, NRF-2022R1A2C2009998
Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.	1230081
Ministry of Health and Welfare	HU21C0111, HU22C0042
Korea Health Industry Development Institute
National Research Foundation of Korea
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan	106-2628-B-010-001-MY4, 111-2314-B-002-299, 109-2314-B-400-017, 110-2314-B-400-028-MY3, 110-2321-B-418-001, 112-2314-B-002-200-MY3, 110-2314-B-A49A-524
National Health Research Institutes	NP-110, 112-PP-09

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Chen, T. T., Kim, J., Lam, M., Chuang, Y. F., Chiu, Y. L., Lin, S. C., Jung, S. H., Kim, B., Kim, S., Cho, C., Shim, I., Park, S., Ahn, Y., Okbay, A., Jang, H., Kim, H. J., Seo, S. W., Park, W. Y., Ge, T., ... Won, H. H. (2024). Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations. Nature Human Behaviour, 8(3), 562-575. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01781-9

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title = "Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations",

abstract = "Educational attainment (EduYears), a heritable trait often used as a proxy for cognitive ability, is associated with various health and social outcomes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on EduYears have been focused on samples of European (EUR) genetic ancestries. Here we present the first large-scale GWAS of EduYears in people of East Asian (EAS) ancestry (n = 176,400) and conduct a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with EduYears GWAS in people of EUR ancestry (n = 766,345). EduYears showed a high genetic correlation and power-adjusted transferability ratio between EAS and EUR. We also found similar functional enrichment, gene expression enrichment and cross-trait genetic correlations between two populations. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping identified refined credible sets with a higher posterior inclusion probability than single population fine-mapping. Polygenic prediction analysis in four independent EAS and EUR cohorts demonstrated transferability between populations. Our study supports the need for further research on diverse ancestries to increase our understanding of the genetic basis of educational attainment.",

author = "Chen, {Tzu Ting} and Jaeyoung Kim and Max Lam and Chuang, {Yi Fang} and Chiu, {Yen Ling} and Lin, {Shu Chin} and Jung, {Sang Hyuk} and Beomsu Kim and Soyeon Kim and Chamlee Cho and Injeong Shim and Sanghyeon Park and Yeeun Ahn and Aysu Okbay and Hyemin Jang and Kim, {Hee Jin} and Seo, {Sang Won} and Park, {Woong Yang} and Tian Ge and Hailiang Huang and Feng, {Yen Chen Anne} and Lin, {Yen Feng} and Woojae Myung and Chen, {Chia Yen} and Won, {Hong Hee}",

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year = "2024",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1038/s41562-023-01781-9",

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Chen, TT, Kim, J, Lam, M, Chuang, YF, Chiu, YL, Lin, SC, Jung, SH, Kim, B, Kim, S, Cho, C, Shim, I, Park, S, Ahn, Y, Okbay, A, Jang, H, Kim, HJ, Seo, SW, Park, WY, Ge, T, Huang, H, Feng, YCA, Lin, YF, Myung, W, Chen, CY & Won, HH 2024, 'Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations', Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 562-575. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01781-9

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AU - Kim, Jaeyoung

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AU - Chuang, Yi Fang

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AU - Lin, Shu Chin

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AU - Seo, Sang Won

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AU - Ge, Tian

AU - Huang, Hailiang

AU - Feng, Yen Chen Anne

AU - Lin, Yen Feng

AU - Myung, Woojae

AU - Chen, Chia Yen

AU - Won, Hong Hee

PY - 2024/3

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AB - Educational attainment (EduYears), a heritable trait often used as a proxy for cognitive ability, is associated with various health and social outcomes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on EduYears have been focused on samples of European (EUR) genetic ancestries. Here we present the first large-scale GWAS of EduYears in people of East Asian (EAS) ancestry (n = 176,400) and conduct a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with EduYears GWAS in people of EUR ancestry (n = 766,345). EduYears showed a high genetic correlation and power-adjusted transferability ratio between EAS and EUR. We also found similar functional enrichment, gene expression enrichment and cross-trait genetic correlations between two populations. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping identified refined credible sets with a higher posterior inclusion probability than single population fine-mapping. Polygenic prediction analysis in four independent EAS and EUR cohorts demonstrated transferability between populations. Our study supports the need for further research on diverse ancestries to increase our understanding of the genetic basis of educational attainment.

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Shared genetic architectures of educational attainment in East Asian and European populations

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

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