Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in South African indoor dust and cat hair

Martin Brits; Jacob de Boer; Egmont R Rohwer; Jayne De Vos; Jana M Weiss; Sicco H Brandsma

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124643

Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in South African indoor dust and cat hair

Martin Brits^*, Jacob de Boer, Egmont R Rohwer, Jayne De Vos, Jana M Weiss, Sicco H Brandsma

^*Corresponding author for this work

AIMMS

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Polychlorinated n-alkanes or chlorinated paraffins (CPs) contain a magnitude of structural isomers and are categorized as short-chain (SCCPs), medium-chain (MCCPs), and long-chain (LCCPs) CPs, according to the carbon chain lengths. In this study the ƩSCCPs, ƩMCCPs, and ƩLCCP concentrations are reported for South African indoor dust and pet cat hair. The median concentrations of the ƩCPs (C9-C37) ranged from 33 to 663 μg/g for freshly collected dust (FD), 36-488 μg/g for dust collected from household vacuum cleaner bags (VD), and 1.2-15 μg/g for cat hair (CH) samples. MCCPs were the dominant CP group, followed by SCCPs and LCCPs. The ƩMCCP concentration ranged from 13 to 498 μg/g in dust and 0.6-6.5 μg/g in cat hair. SCCPs with shorter carbon chains and lower chlorine substitution were observed in cat hair. LCCPs with carbon chains > C20 were detected in dust and hair samples, possibly indicating the use of wax grade LCCP formulations. Non-traditional Kendrick mass defect plots were used to obtain information on the magnitude of CPs and provide evidence of possible interfering compounds. This is the first report on the occurrence of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in the South African indoor environment.

Original language	English
Article number	124643
Journal	Chemosphere
Volume	238
Early online date	22 Aug 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124643
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding

This work was based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (VU University Amsterdam - NRF Desmond Tutu doctoral scholarship grant number: 94075). The authors acknowledge that opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication which is generated by the NRF supported research are that of the authors, and the NRF accepts no liability whatsoever in this regard. JMW acknowledge funding from the Swedish research council FORMAS (Project MiSSE number: 210-2012-131); SHB acknowledge funding by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (VENI2017-722.017.009). This work was based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa ( VU University Amsterdam - NRF Desmond Tutu doctoral scholarship grant number: 94075 ). The authors acknowledge that opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication which is generated by the NRF supported research are that of the authors, and the NRF accepts no liability whatsoever in this regard. JMW acknowledge funding from the Swedish research council FORMAS (Project MiSSE number: 210-2012-131 ); SHB acknowledge funding by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research ( NWO ) ( VENI2017-722.017.009 ).

Funders	Funder number
NRF supported
VU University Amsterdam - NRF
National Research Foundation
National Kidney Foundation of South Africa
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas	210-2012-131
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	VENI2017-722.017.009
National Research Foundation of Korea	94075

Keywords

Indoor dust
Indoor environment
Long-chain chlorinated paraffins
Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins
Pet cat hair
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins

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Cite this

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title = "Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in South African indoor dust and cat hair",

abstract = "Polychlorinated n-alkanes or chlorinated paraffins (CPs) contain a magnitude of structural isomers and are categorized as short-chain (SCCPs), medium-chain (MCCPs), and long-chain (LCCPs) CPs, according to the carbon chain lengths. In this study the ƩSCCPs, ƩMCCPs, and ƩLCCP concentrations are reported for South African indoor dust and pet cat hair. The median concentrations of the ƩCPs (C9-C37) ranged from 33 to 663 μg/g for freshly collected dust (FD), 36-488 μg/g for dust collected from household vacuum cleaner bags (VD), and 1.2-15 μg/g for cat hair (CH) samples. MCCPs were the dominant CP group, followed by SCCPs and LCCPs. The ƩMCCP concentration ranged from 13 to 498 μg/g in dust and 0.6-6.5 μg/g in cat hair. SCCPs with shorter carbon chains and lower chlorine substitution were observed in cat hair. LCCPs with carbon chains > C20 were detected in dust and hair samples, possibly indicating the use of wax grade LCCP formulations. Non-traditional Kendrick mass defect plots were used to obtain information on the magnitude of CPs and provide evidence of possible interfering compounds. This is the first report on the occurrence of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in the South African indoor environment.",

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AU - Brits, Martin

AU - de Boer, Jacob

AU - Rohwer, Egmont R

AU - De Vos, Jayne

AU - Weiss, Jana M

AU - Brandsma, Sicco H

PY - 2020/1/1

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AB - Polychlorinated n-alkanes or chlorinated paraffins (CPs) contain a magnitude of structural isomers and are categorized as short-chain (SCCPs), medium-chain (MCCPs), and long-chain (LCCPs) CPs, according to the carbon chain lengths. In this study the ƩSCCPs, ƩMCCPs, and ƩLCCP concentrations are reported for South African indoor dust and pet cat hair. The median concentrations of the ƩCPs (C9-C37) ranged from 33 to 663 μg/g for freshly collected dust (FD), 36-488 μg/g for dust collected from household vacuum cleaner bags (VD), and 1.2-15 μg/g for cat hair (CH) samples. MCCPs were the dominant CP group, followed by SCCPs and LCCPs. The ƩMCCP concentration ranged from 13 to 498 μg/g in dust and 0.6-6.5 μg/g in cat hair. SCCPs with shorter carbon chains and lower chlorine substitution were observed in cat hair. LCCPs with carbon chains > C20 were detected in dust and hair samples, possibly indicating the use of wax grade LCCP formulations. Non-traditional Kendrick mass defect plots were used to obtain information on the magnitude of CPs and provide evidence of possible interfering compounds. This is the first report on the occurrence of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in the South African indoor environment.

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Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in South African indoor dust and cat hair

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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