Simulation of the Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Forest Biomass in Taiwan

Yi Ying Chen; Wei Huang; Chao Tzuen Cheng; Jing Shan Hong; Fang Li Yeh; Sebastiaan Luyssaert

doi:10.1029/2021JG006519

Simulation of the Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Forest Biomass in Taiwan

Yi Ying Chen^*, Wei Huang, Chao Tzuen Cheng, Jing Shan Hong, Fang Li Yeh, Sebastiaan Luyssaert

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

This study seeks to understand the impact on the forest biomass of different kinds of environmental disturbance, including high winds from typhoons, land-use/land-cover changes (LULCC), and CO₂ fertilization. A series of factorial experiments addressing the impact of different types of environmental disturbance on the forest biomass in Taiwan was conducted using the advanced ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model with a recently developed wind-throw module. The climatic forcing driving the ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model was first simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model, then dynamically downscaled to a more satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. The initial and boundary conditions applied in the numerical simulations were based on the long-term CO₂ concentration and LULCC reconstruction, respectively. The model simulation showed an increase in the aboveground wood volume from 209 m³ ha⁻¹ in 1979 to 229 m³ ha⁻¹ in 2017, and the dynamics were consistent with those recorded in the national forest inventory. The annual average carbon sequestration rate over the past 39 years was 0.5 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for a forested area of 2.4 M ha. The most surprising finding was the contribution of the wind disturbance to wood loss, which was at almost the same level as the annual carbon sequestration rate. The LULCC experiment showed a trade-off between afforestation and deforestation in forest biomass accumulation in Taiwan from 1979 to 2017. The CO₂ fertilization effect contributed to an enhancement of forest biomass stock of around 39%, while the CO₂ concentration increased from 296 to 406 ppm over 39 years.

Original language	English
Article number	e2021JG006519
Pages (from-to)	1-15
Number of pages	15
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Volume	127
Issue number	3
Early online date	15 Mar 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006519
Publication status	Published - Mar 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
YYC received funding through the Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C. (MOST 106‐2111‐M‐001‐001‐MY3, MOST 108‐2111‐M‐001‐001, and MOST 109‐2111‐M‐001‐009). We would like to thank the National Center for High‐performance Computing (NCHC) for providing the computational and storage facilities and the Taiwan Forestry Bureau for sharing the fourth national forest inventory data. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and editors for their very helpful observations and suggestions. YYC is grateful for the support received from Dr./Prof. H.‐H. Hsu and the mentorship of Dr./Prof. M.‐H. Li. YYC would like to thank Mrs. Debbie Nester and Miss Meng‐Hsuan Lin for the English proofreading.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Keywords

carbon sequestration
climate variability
CO fertilization
land use and land cover changes
tropical cyclones
wind disturbance

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Simulation of the Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Forest Biomass in Taiwan",

abstract = "This study seeks to understand the impact on the forest biomass of different kinds of environmental disturbance, including high winds from typhoons, land-use/land-cover changes (LULCC), and CO2 fertilization. A series of factorial experiments addressing the impact of different types of environmental disturbance on the forest biomass in Taiwan was conducted using the advanced ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model with a recently developed wind-throw module. The climatic forcing driving the ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model was first simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model, then dynamically downscaled to a more satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. The initial and boundary conditions applied in the numerical simulations were based on the long-term CO2 concentration and LULCC reconstruction, respectively. The model simulation showed an increase in the aboveground wood volume from 209 m3 ha−1 in 1979 to 229 m3 ha−1 in 2017, and the dynamics were consistent with those recorded in the national forest inventory. The annual average carbon sequestration rate over the past 39 years was 0.5 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for a forested area of 2.4 M ha. The most surprising finding was the contribution of the wind disturbance to wood loss, which was at almost the same level as the annual carbon sequestration rate. The LULCC experiment showed a trade-off between afforestation and deforestation in forest biomass accumulation in Taiwan from 1979 to 2017. The CO2 fertilization effect contributed to an enhancement of forest biomass stock of around 39%, while the CO2 concentration increased from 296 to 406 ppm over 39 years.",

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note = "Funding Information: YYC received funding through the Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C. (MOST 106‐2111‐M‐001‐001‐MY3, MOST 108‐2111‐M‐001‐001, and MOST 109‐2111‐M‐001‐009). We would like to thank the National Center for High‐performance Computing (NCHC) for providing the computational and storage facilities and the Taiwan Forestry Bureau for sharing the fourth national forest inventory data. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and editors for their very helpful observations and suggestions. YYC is grateful for the support received from Dr./Prof. H.‐H. Hsu and the mentorship of Dr./Prof. M.‐H. Li. YYC would like to thank Mrs. Debbie Nester and Miss Meng‐Hsuan Lin for the English proofreading. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

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AU - Luyssaert, Sebastiaan

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N2 - This study seeks to understand the impact on the forest biomass of different kinds of environmental disturbance, including high winds from typhoons, land-use/land-cover changes (LULCC), and CO2 fertilization. A series of factorial experiments addressing the impact of different types of environmental disturbance on the forest biomass in Taiwan was conducted using the advanced ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model with a recently developed wind-throw module. The climatic forcing driving the ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model was first simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model, then dynamically downscaled to a more satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. The initial and boundary conditions applied in the numerical simulations were based on the long-term CO2 concentration and LULCC reconstruction, respectively. The model simulation showed an increase in the aboveground wood volume from 209 m3 ha−1 in 1979 to 229 m3 ha−1 in 2017, and the dynamics were consistent with those recorded in the national forest inventory. The annual average carbon sequestration rate over the past 39 years was 0.5 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for a forested area of 2.4 M ha. The most surprising finding was the contribution of the wind disturbance to wood loss, which was at almost the same level as the annual carbon sequestration rate. The LULCC experiment showed a trade-off between afforestation and deforestation in forest biomass accumulation in Taiwan from 1979 to 2017. The CO2 fertilization effect contributed to an enhancement of forest biomass stock of around 39%, while the CO2 concentration increased from 296 to 406 ppm over 39 years.

AB - This study seeks to understand the impact on the forest biomass of different kinds of environmental disturbance, including high winds from typhoons, land-use/land-cover changes (LULCC), and CO2 fertilization. A series of factorial experiments addressing the impact of different types of environmental disturbance on the forest biomass in Taiwan was conducted using the advanced ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model with a recently developed wind-throw module. The climatic forcing driving the ORCHIDEE-CAN land surface model was first simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model, then dynamically downscaled to a more satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. The initial and boundary conditions applied in the numerical simulations were based on the long-term CO2 concentration and LULCC reconstruction, respectively. The model simulation showed an increase in the aboveground wood volume from 209 m3 ha−1 in 1979 to 229 m3 ha−1 in 2017, and the dynamics were consistent with those recorded in the national forest inventory. The annual average carbon sequestration rate over the past 39 years was 0.5 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for a forested area of 2.4 M ha. The most surprising finding was the contribution of the wind disturbance to wood loss, which was at almost the same level as the annual carbon sequestration rate. The LULCC experiment showed a trade-off between afforestation and deforestation in forest biomass accumulation in Taiwan from 1979 to 2017. The CO2 fertilization effect contributed to an enhancement of forest biomass stock of around 39%, while the CO2 concentration increased from 296 to 406 ppm over 39 years.

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Simulation of the Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Forest Biomass in Taiwan

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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