Single and coupled cavity mode sensing schemes using a diagnostic field

Aaron W. Goodwin-Jones; Haochen Zhu; Carl Blair; Daniel D. Brown; Joris van Heijningen; Li Ju; Chunnong Zhao

doi:10.1364/OE.502911

Single and coupled cavity mode sensing schemes using a diagnostic field

Aaron W. Goodwin-Jones, Haochen Zhu, Carl Blair, Daniel D. Brown, Joris van Heijningen, Li Ju, Chunnong Zhao

(Astro)-Particles Physics

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Precise optical mode matching is of critical importance in experiments using squeezed-vacuum states. Automatic spatial-mode matching schemes have the potential to reduce losses and improve loss stability. However, in quantum-enhanced coupled-cavity experiments, such as gravitational-wave detectors, one must also ensure that the sub-cavities are also mode matched. We propose what we believe to be a new mode sensing scheme, which works for simple and coupled cavities. The scheme requires no moving parts, nor tuning of Gouy phases. Instead a diagnostic field tuned to the HG20/LG10 mode frequency is used. The error signals are derived to be proportional to the difference in waist position, and difference in Rayleigh ranges, between the sub-cavity eigenmodes. The two error signals are separable by 90 degrees of demodulation phase. We demonstrate reasonable error signals for a simplified Einstein Telescope optical design. This work will facilitate routine use of extremely high levels of squeezing in current and future gravitational-wave detectors.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	35068-35085
Journal	Optics Express
Volume	31
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.502911
Publication status	Published - 9 Oct 2023

Funding

Australian Research Council (CE170100004, DE230101035). Finesse3. We wish to thank the LIGO Lab Squeezing team, ET Wavefront Sensing & Control and LIGO IFOSIM working groups for useful discussions. Specifically, we wish to thank Paul Fulda, Victoria Xu, Valery Frolov, Dhruva Ganapathy & Alexei Ciobanu for useful discussions. A.W.G. acknowledges the LIGO Scientific Collaboration Fellowship program for supporting their research at LIGO Livingston Observatory. Author contributions: Lead: A.W.G.; Proposer: C.Z.; Simulations: A.W.G, J.vH, D.D.B.; Mathematics: A.W.G, H.Z., Designed the study: A.W.G., C.B., L.J., C.Z.; Writing: A.W.G.; Critical Revisions: C.B., J.vH., C.Z.

Funders	Funder number
A.W.G.
Australian Research Council	DE230101035, CE170100004

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title = "Single and coupled cavity mode sensing schemes using a diagnostic field",

abstract = "Precise optical mode matching is of critical importance in experiments using squeezed-vacuum states. Automatic spatial-mode matching schemes have the potential to reduce losses and improve loss stability. However, in quantum-enhanced coupled-cavity experiments, such as gravitational-wave detectors, one must also ensure that the sub-cavities are also mode matched. We propose what we believe to be a new mode sensing scheme, which works for simple and coupled cavities. The scheme requires no moving parts, nor tuning of Gouy phases. Instead a diagnostic field tuned to the HG20/LG10 mode frequency is used. The error signals are derived to be proportional to the difference in waist position, and difference in Rayleigh ranges, between the sub-cavity eigenmodes. The two error signals are separable by 90 degrees of demodulation phase. We demonstrate reasonable error signals for a simplified Einstein Telescope optical design. This work will facilitate routine use of extremely high levels of squeezing in current and future gravitational-wave detectors.",

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AU - Goodwin-Jones, Aaron W.

AU - Zhu, Haochen

AU - Blair, Carl

AU - Brown, Daniel D.

AU - van Heijningen, Joris

AU - Ju, Li

AU - Zhao, Chunnong

PY - 2023/10/9

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N2 - Precise optical mode matching is of critical importance in experiments using squeezed-vacuum states. Automatic spatial-mode matching schemes have the potential to reduce losses and improve loss stability. However, in quantum-enhanced coupled-cavity experiments, such as gravitational-wave detectors, one must also ensure that the sub-cavities are also mode matched. We propose what we believe to be a new mode sensing scheme, which works for simple and coupled cavities. The scheme requires no moving parts, nor tuning of Gouy phases. Instead a diagnostic field tuned to the HG20/LG10 mode frequency is used. The error signals are derived to be proportional to the difference in waist position, and difference in Rayleigh ranges, between the sub-cavity eigenmodes. The two error signals are separable by 90 degrees of demodulation phase. We demonstrate reasonable error signals for a simplified Einstein Telescope optical design. This work will facilitate routine use of extremely high levels of squeezing in current and future gravitational-wave detectors.

AB - Precise optical mode matching is of critical importance in experiments using squeezed-vacuum states. Automatic spatial-mode matching schemes have the potential to reduce losses and improve loss stability. However, in quantum-enhanced coupled-cavity experiments, such as gravitational-wave detectors, one must also ensure that the sub-cavities are also mode matched. We propose what we believe to be a new mode sensing scheme, which works for simple and coupled cavities. The scheme requires no moving parts, nor tuning of Gouy phases. Instead a diagnostic field tuned to the HG20/LG10 mode frequency is used. The error signals are derived to be proportional to the difference in waist position, and difference in Rayleigh ranges, between the sub-cavity eigenmodes. The two error signals are separable by 90 degrees of demodulation phase. We demonstrate reasonable error signals for a simplified Einstein Telescope optical design. This work will facilitate routine use of extremely high levels of squeezing in current and future gravitational-wave detectors.

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Single and coupled cavity mode sensing schemes using a diagnostic field

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