Social Bonds and White-Collar Crime: A Two-Study Assessment of Informal Social Controls in White-Collar Offenders

In two studies, this paper examines age-graded informal social controls
(bonds) in white-collar offenders. Using register data, Study 1 compares
bonds in a sample of white-collar offenders to a matched control sample,
while Study 2 uses probation data to examine bonds within a subsample of
white-collar offenders of Study 1. The results show that white-collar offen-
ders, including those who occupy executive positions and those with an
adult-crime onset, were characterized by weakened bonds and that early-
onset offenders had weaker bonds than adult-onset offenders. Along with
the implications of these findings for theory, limitations and directions for
future research are presented.