Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling

P. Winiger; T. E. Barrett; R. J. Sheesley; L. Huang; S. Sharma; L. A. Barrie; K. E. Yttri; N. Evangeliou; S. Eckhardt; A. Stohl; Z. Klimont; C. Heyes; I. P. Semiletov; O. V. Dudarev; A. Charkin; N. Shakhova; H. Holmstrand; A. Andersson; Gustafsson

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau8052

Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling

P. Winiger^*, T. E. Barrett, R. J. Sheesley, L. Huang, S. Sharma, L. A. Barrie, K. E. Yttri, N. Evangeliou, S. Eckhardt, A. Stohl, Z. Klimont, C. Heyes, I. P. Semiletov, O. V. Dudarev, A. Charkin, N. Shakhova, H. Holmstrand, A. Andersson, Gustafsson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Earth and Climate

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic climate warming, yet source attributions are inaccurate due to lacking observational constraints and uncertainties in emission inventories. Year-round, isotope-constrained observations reveal strong seasonal variations in BC sources with a consistent and synchronous pattern at all Arctic sites. These sources were dominated by emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the winter and by biomass burning in the summer. The annual mean source of BC to the circum-Arctic was 39 ± 10% from biomass burning. Comparison of transport-model predictions with the observations showed good agreement for BC concentrations, with larger discrepancies for (fossil/biomass burning) sources. The accuracy of simulated BC concentration, but not of origin, points to misallocations of emissions in the emission inventories. The consistency in seasonal source contributions of BC throughout the Arctic provides strong justification for targeted emission reductions to limit the impact of BC on climate warming in the Arctic and beyond.

Original language	English
Article number	eaau8052
Journal	Science advances
Volume	5
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8052
Publication status	Published - 13 Feb 2019

Funding

We acknowledge the staff of the Canadian Forces Service for maintaining the Alert station, W. Zhang for technique and logistic support at the Environment and Climate Change Canada, D. Veber for the calibration of the filter sampler at Alert, A. Platt for being responsible at Alert site operation, and C. Taylor for scientific and management support. We thank the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat technical staff in Abisko, T. Logan and A. Kristofferson for logistical support and sampling, B. Wanhatalo for construction of the sampling platform, P. Crill (Stockholm University) for help during the initiation of the operation, and M. Kruså for logistical and technical support. We would also like to thank W. Brower and J. Ivanoff of the Ukpeaġvik Iñupiat Corporation for sample collection and field assistance, along with F. Helsel, D. Lucero, and J. Zirzow of Sandia National Laboratory for site access at Barrow. Thanks are extended to the Norwegian Polar Institute staff at the Zeppelin Observatory above Ny-Ålesund; O. Hermansen and A. Bäcklund for technical support and logistics; and H. E. Fjeld, A.-C. Nielsen, and M. K. Janssen for sampling. We also thank S. A. Matvienko and the technical staff from the Russian Academy of Sciences sampling and logistic support in Tiksi, and E. N. Kirillova for help with translations. Funding: A.A., Ö.G., and P.W. acknowledge financial support from the Swedish Energy Agency (contract no. 35450-2), the Swedish Research Council Formas (contract no. 942-2015-1070), the Swedish Research Council VR Distinguished Professor Grant (contract no. 2017-01601), and the European Research Council (ERC-AdG project CC-TOP #695331). S.E., N.E., and A.S. conducted their work to support the AMAP Expert Group on Short-Lived Climate Forcers, with partial AMAP support. T.E.B. and R.J.S. acknowledge financial support provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Field Campaign no. 2010-05876) and the C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences. I.P.S. and O.V.D. acknowledge the Russian Government (grant no. 14,Z50.31.0012/03.19.2014). N.S. and A.C. thank the Russian Scientific Foundation (grant no. 15-17-20032). L.H. and S.S. acknowledge financial support for long-term carbonaceous aerosol measurements and research at Alert from Environment and Climate Change Canada A-base funding.

Funders	Funder number
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	695331
Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas	942-2015-1070
Governo Brasil	14,Z50.31.0012/03.19.2014
Energimyndigheten	35450-2
Russian Science Foundation	15-17-20032

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1126/sciadv.aau8052

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374108

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Winiger, P., Barrett, T. E., Sheesley, R. J., Huang, L., Sharma, S., Barrie, L. A., Yttri, K. E., Evangeliou, N., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Klimont, Z., Heyes, C., Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V., Charkin, A., Shakhova, N., Holmstrand, H., Andersson, A., & Gustafsson (2019). Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling. Science advances, 5(2), Article eaau8052. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8052

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title = "Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling",

abstract = "Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic climate warming, yet source attributions are inaccurate due to lacking observational constraints and uncertainties in emission inventories. Year-round, isotope-constrained observations reveal strong seasonal variations in BC sources with a consistent and synchronous pattern at all Arctic sites. These sources were dominated by emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the winter and by biomass burning in the summer. The annual mean source of BC to the circum-Arctic was 39 ± 10% from biomass burning. Comparison of transport-model predictions with the observations showed good agreement for BC concentrations, with larger discrepancies for (fossil/biomass burning) sources. The accuracy of simulated BC concentration, but not of origin, points to misallocations of emissions in the emission inventories. The consistency in seasonal source contributions of BC throughout the Arctic provides strong justification for targeted emission reductions to limit the impact of BC on climate warming in the Arctic and beyond.",

author = "P. Winiger and Barrett, {T. E.} and Sheesley, {R. J.} and L. Huang and S. Sharma and Barrie, {L. A.} and Yttri, {K. E.} and N. Evangeliou and S. Eckhardt and A. Stohl and Z. Klimont and C. Heyes and Semiletov, {I. P.} and Dudarev, {O. V.} and A. Charkin and N. Shakhova and H. Holmstrand and A. Andersson and Gustafsson",

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Winiger, P, Barrett, TE, Sheesley, RJ, Huang, L, Sharma, S, Barrie, LA, Yttri, KE, Evangeliou, N, Eckhardt, S, Stohl, A, Klimont, Z, Heyes, C, Semiletov, IP, Dudarev, OV, Charkin, A, Shakhova, N, Holmstrand, H, Andersson, A & Gustafsson 2019, 'Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling', Science advances, vol. 5, no. 2, eaau8052. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8052

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T1 - Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling

AU - Winiger, P.

AU - Barrett, T. E.

AU - Sheesley, R. J.

AU - Huang, L.

AU - Sharma, S.

AU - Barrie, L. A.

AU - Yttri, K. E.

AU - Evangeliou, N.

AU - Eckhardt, S.

AU - Stohl, A.

AU - Klimont, Z.

AU - Heyes, C.

AU - Semiletov, I. P.

AU - Dudarev, O. V.

AU - Charkin, A.

AU - Shakhova, N.

AU - Holmstrand, H.

AU - Andersson, A.

AU - Gustafsson,

PY - 2019/2/13

Y1 - 2019/2/13

N2 - Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic climate warming, yet source attributions are inaccurate due to lacking observational constraints and uncertainties in emission inventories. Year-round, isotope-constrained observations reveal strong seasonal variations in BC sources with a consistent and synchronous pattern at all Arctic sites. These sources were dominated by emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the winter and by biomass burning in the summer. The annual mean source of BC to the circum-Arctic was 39 ± 10% from biomass burning. Comparison of transport-model predictions with the observations showed good agreement for BC concentrations, with larger discrepancies for (fossil/biomass burning) sources. The accuracy of simulated BC concentration, but not of origin, points to misallocations of emissions in the emission inventories. The consistency in seasonal source contributions of BC throughout the Arctic provides strong justification for targeted emission reductions to limit the impact of BC on climate warming in the Arctic and beyond.

AB - Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic climate warming, yet source attributions are inaccurate due to lacking observational constraints and uncertainties in emission inventories. Year-round, isotope-constrained observations reveal strong seasonal variations in BC sources with a consistent and synchronous pattern at all Arctic sites. These sources were dominated by emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the winter and by biomass burning in the summer. The annual mean source of BC to the circum-Arctic was 39 ± 10% from biomass burning. Comparison of transport-model predictions with the observations showed good agreement for BC concentrations, with larger discrepancies for (fossil/biomass burning) sources. The accuracy of simulated BC concentration, but not of origin, points to misallocations of emissions in the emission inventories. The consistency in seasonal source contributions of BC throughout the Arctic provides strong justification for targeted emission reductions to limit the impact of BC on climate warming in the Arctic and beyond.

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Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

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