Strong effects of environmental factors on prevalence and course of major depressive disorder are not moderated by 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms in a large Dutch sample

W. Peyrot, C.M. Middeldorp, R. Jansen, J.H. Smit, E.J.C. de Geus, J.J. Hottenga, G. Willemsen, J.M. Vink, S. Virding, I. Barragan, M. Ingelman-Sundberg, S.C. Sim, D.I. Boomsma, B.W.J.H. Penninx

Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Background: There is ongoing interest in the possible interaction of the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) with environmental factors in determining Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The current study contributes to this research area by comprehensively examining the interaction-effects and direct-effects of 5-HTTLPR and five environmental factors on MDD prevalence and course in a well-characterized longitudinal sample. Methods: The sample consisted of 1625 patients with a CIDI-confirmed diagnosis of MDD and 1698 screened controls from the Netherlands. Four MDD outcomes were studied as dependent variables: one main MDD prevalence-outcome (all MDD), two more severe MDD prevalence-outcomes (suicidal and chronic MDD), and one MDD course outcome (chronic versus non-chronic MDD). Because SNP rs25531 modifies the effect of 5-HTTLPR, haplotypes of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 were measured. For the four MDD outcome measures, we examined the direct effects of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531-haplotypes, five environmental factors (lifetime and recent stressful life-events, sexual abuse, low educational attainment, and childhood trauma) and their interaction in logistic regression models. Results: The environmental factors had large and consistent effects on all four MDD outcomes, including course of MDD. The 5-HTTLPR/rs25531-haplotype had a suggestive effect on course of MDD, but not on presence of MDD. Gene-by-environment interaction was significant (<0.05) for one of the 20 tests performed, which is not more than expected by chance. Limitations: Environmental factors were not assessed before the onset of MDD. Conclusions: Environmental factors had a strong impact on the presence and course of MDD, but no evidence for gene-by-environment interaction was found. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)91-99
JournalJournal of Affective Disorders
Volume146
Issue number1
Early online date27 Sept 2012
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2013

Cohort Studies

  • Netherlands Twin Register (NTR)

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Strong effects of environmental factors on prevalence and course of major depressive disorder are not moderated by 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms in a large Dutch sample'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this