Abstract
Synapses are fundamental information-processing units of the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is central to many brain disorders (“synaptopathies”). However, systematic annotation of synaptic genes and ontology of synaptic processes are currently lacking. We established SynGO, an interactive knowledge base that accumulates available research about synapse biology using Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to novel ontology terms: 87 synaptic locations and 179 synaptic processes. SynGO annotations are exclusively based on published, expert-curated evidence. Using 2,922 annotations for 1,112 genes, we show that synaptic genes are exceptionally well conserved and less tolerant to mutations than other genes. Many SynGO terms are significantly overrepresented among gene variations associated with intelligence, educational attainment, ADHD, autism, and bipolar disorder and among de novo variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. SynGO is a public, universal reference for synapse research and an online analysis platform for interpretation of large-scale -omics data (https://syngoportal.org and http://geneontology.org). The SynGO consortium presents a framework to annotate synaptic protein locations and functions and annotations for 1,112 synaptic genes based on published experimental evidence. SynGO reports exceptional features and disease associations for synaptic genes and provides an online data analysis platform.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 217-234.e4 |
Number of pages | 22 |
Journal | Neuron |
Volume | 103 |
Issue number | 2 |
Early online date | 3 Jun 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 17 Jul 2019 |
Funding
SynGO was funded by The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard . SynGO was built on previous efforts (synaptic parts lists) funded by the European Union ( EUROSPIN HEALTH-F2-2009-241498 and SYNSYS HEALTH-F4-2010-242167 ). A.B.P. was supported by Spanish grants BFU2012-34398 and BFU2015-69717-P (partially funded by FEDER funds of the European Union ), Ramón y Cajal fellowship RYC-2011-08391 , the European FP People Marie Curie Action career integration grant 304111 , and the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya . M.R.K. was supported by DFG CRC779 Project B08 , EU-JPND STAD , and Leibniz Foundation SAW . P.D.C. was supported by NIH NS36251 . E.D.G. and D.C.D. were supported by DFG CRC779 Project B09 . N.B. was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( ERA-NET Neuron Synpathy ) and an ERC advanced grant from the European Union ( SynPrime ). M.V. was supported by an ERC advanced grant from the European Union ( ERC-ADG-322966-DCVfusion ).
Funders | Funder number |
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National Institute of Mental Health | R01MH113349, R21MH113949, R21MH115404, R01MH115005 |
National Institute on Drug Abuse | P30DA018343 |
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | R01NS036251, R01NS083898, R01NS103484 |
H2020 European Research Council | |
European Commission | SynPrime, ERC-ADG-322966-DCVfusion |
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | CRC779 Project B09, CRC779 Project B08 |
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | ERA-NET Neuron Synpathy |
European Regional Development Fund | |
Norges Idrettshøgskole |
Keywords
- enrichment study
- gene annotation
- Gene Ontology
- gene set analysis
- synapse
- synaptic plasticity
- synaptic proteome network
- synaptome
- synaptopathies