Abstract
Human activity and climate change are increasing the spread of species across the planet, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Invasion engineers, such as birds, facilitate plant growth through manuring of soil, while native vegetation influences plant germination by creating suitable microhabitats which are especially valuable in cold and dry polar regions. Here we tested how penguin-derived nitrogen, several common Antarctic moss species and warming affect seed germination and growth of the non-native grass Agrostis capillaris under laboratory conditions. Experimental settings included a simulation of contemporary season-specific Antarctic light and temperature (2°C) conditions and a +5°C warming scenario. Mosses (Andreaea depressinervis, A. regularis, Sanionia uncinata and Chorisodontium aciphyllum) incorporated a range of nitrogen content and isotopic nitrogen signatures (δ15N) due to variation in sampling proximity to penguin colonies. Moss species greatly affected time to germination with consequences for further growth under the simulated Antarctic conditions. Grass seeds germinated 10 days earlier among A. regularis compared to S. uncinata and C. aciphyllum and 26 days earlier compared to A. depressinervis. Moss-specific effects are likely related to microclimatic differences within the moss canopy. Warming reduced this moss influence. Grass emerged on average 20 days earlier under warming, leading to increased leaf count (88%), plant height (112%) and biomass (145%). Positive correlations were identified between moss and grass nitrogen content (r = 0.377), grass biomass (r = 0.332) and height (r = 0.742) with stronger effects under the warming scenario. Transfer of nitrogen from moss to grass was confirmed by δ15N (r = 0.803). Overall, the results suggest a shift from temperature-limited to N-limited growth of invasive plants under increased warming in the maritime Antarctic.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 816-828 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Global Change Biology |
Volume | 28 |
Issue number | 3 |
Early online date | 8 Nov 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study would not have been possible without the logistical support of the British Antarctic Survey. This study was funded by the Netherlands Polar Programme (ALWPP2016.006). PC is supported by core funding from the Natural Environment Research Council to the British Antarctic Survey?s ?Biodiversity, Evolution, and Adaptation? team. We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this work. This work is a contribution to the Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation (Ant-ICON) Scientific Research Programme of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).
Funding Information:
This study would not have been possible without the logistical support of the British Antarctic Survey. This study was funded by the Netherlands Polar Programme (ALWPP2016.006). PC is supported by core funding from the Natural Environment Research Council to the British Antarctic Survey’s ‘Biodiversity, Evolution, and Adaptation’ team. We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this work. This work is a contribution to the Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation (Ant‐ICON) Scientific Research Programme of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Funding
This study would not have been possible without the logistical support of the British Antarctic Survey. This study was funded by the Netherlands Polar Programme (ALWPP2016.006). PC is supported by core funding from the Natural Environment Research Council to the British Antarctic Survey?s ?Biodiversity, Evolution, and Adaptation? team. We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this work. This work is a contribution to the Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation (Ant-ICON) Scientific Research Programme of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). This study would not have been possible without the logistical support of the British Antarctic Survey. This study was funded by the Netherlands Polar Programme (ALWPP2016.006). PC is supported by core funding from the Natural Environment Research Council to the British Antarctic Survey’s ‘Biodiversity, Evolution, and Adaptation’ team. We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this work. This work is a contribution to the Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation (Ant‐ICON) Scientific Research Programme of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).
Funders | Funder number |
---|---|
Netherlands Polar Programme | ALWPP2016.006 |
Natural Environment Research Council | |
British Antarctic Survey |