The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Anna Maria Virkkala; Susan M. Natali; Brendan M. Rogers; Jennifer D. Watts; Kathleen Savage; Sara June Connon; Marguerite Mauritz; Edward A.G. Schuur; Darcy Peter; Christina Minions; Julia Nojeim; Roisin Commane; Craig A. Emmerton; Mathias Goeckede; Manuel Helbig; David Holl; Hiroki Iwata; Hideki Kobayashi; Pasi Kolari; Efrén López-Blanco; Maija E. Marushchak; Mikhail Mastepanov; Lutz Merbold; Frans Jan W. Parmentier; Matthias Peichl; Torsten Sachs; Oliver Sonnentag; Masahito Ueyama; Carolina Voigt; Mika Aurela; Julia Boike; Gerardo Celis; Namyi Chae; Torben R. Christensen; M. Syndonia Bret-Harte; Sigrid Dengel; Han Dolman; Colin W. Edgar; Bo Elberling; Eugenie Euskirchen; Achim Grelle; Juha Hatakka; Elyn Humphreys; Järvi Järveoja; Ayumi Kotani; Lars Kutzbach; Tuomas Laurila; Annalea Lohila; Ivan Mammarella; Yojiro Matsuura; Gesa Meyer; Mats B. Nilsson; Steven F. Oberbauer; Sang Jong Park; Roman Petrov; Anatoly S. Prokushkin; Christopher Schulze; Vincent L. St. Louis; Eeva Stiina Tuittila; Juha Pekka Tuovinen; William Quinton; Andrej Varlagin; Donatella Zona; Viacheslav I. Zyryanov

doi:10.5194/essd-14-179-2022

The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Anna Maria Virkkala^*, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A.G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efrén López-BlancoMaija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Järvi Järveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva Stiina Tuittila, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, Viacheslav I. Zyryanov

^*Corresponding author for this work

Earth Sciences

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19% of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3%) and eddy covariance (78%) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June-August; 32%), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September-October; 25%), winter (December-February; 18%), and spring (March-May; 25%). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the terrestrial ABZ CO2 budget. ABCflux is openly and freely available online (Virkkala et al., 2021b, 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1934).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	179-208
Number of pages	30
Journal	Earth System Science Data
Volume	14
Issue number	1
Early online date	21 Jan 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022
Publication status	Published - 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. Anna-Maria Virkkala, Brendan M. Rogers, Susan M. Natali, and Jennifer D. Watts were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414). Brendan M. Rogers, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Christina Minions, and Julia Nojeim were also funded by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science and Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment programs (ABoVE grant NNX17AE13G), Susan M. Natali by NASA ABoVE (grant NNX15AT81A), and Jennifer D. Watts by NNX15AT81A and NASA NIP grant NNH17ZDA001N. Edward A. G. Schuur acknowledges NSF Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (grant no. 1331083) and NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange; grant no. 1931333. Edward A. G. Schuur further acknowledges US Department of Energy and Denali National Park. Mats B. Nilsson and Matthias Peichl acknowledge Swedish ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observatory System) funded by VR and contributing institutions; SITES (Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science) funded by VR and contributing institutions; VR (grant nos. 2018-03966 and 2019-04676), FORMAS (grant no. 2016-01289), and Kempe Foundations (SMK-1211). Eugenie Euskirchen and M. Syn-donia Bret-Harte were funded by NSF Arctic Observatory Network and Craig A. Emmerton, Vincent L. St. Louis, and Elyn Humphreys by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. Ivan Mammarella, Pasi Kolari, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, and An-nalea Lohila acknowledge ICOS-Finland and AV Russian Science Foundation, project 21-14-00209. Annalea Lohila, Mika Au-rela, Tuomas Laurila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, and Juha Hatakka further acknowledge the Ministry of Transport and Communication. William Quinton, Eugenie Euskirchen, and Vincent L. St. Louis were funded by ArcticNet. Hideki Kobayashi acknowledges The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (JPMXD1420318865), Maija E. Marushchak the Academy of Finland project PANDA (decision no. 317054), and Carolina Voigt the Academy of Finland project MUFFIN (decision no. 332196). Marguerite Mauritz acknowledges Arctic Data Center, National Science Foundation, US Department of Energy, Denali National Park. Yojiro Matsuura was funded by Ministry of Environment, Japan, and Masahito Ueyama by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865) and KAK-ENHI (19H05668). Steven F. Oberbauer acknowledges US National Science Foundation, and Mikhail Mastepanov, Bo Elberling, and Torben R. Christensen the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring program. Bo Elberling further acknowledge Arctic Station, University of Copenhagen and the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). Efrén López-Blanco was funded by Greenland Research Council, grant no. 80.35, financed by the Danish Program for Arctic Research and Lutz Merbold by TCOS Siberia. David Holl and Lars Kutzbach were funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 177 “CliSAP – Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction”. Järvi Järveoja acknowledges Swedish Forest Society Foundation (2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and FORMAS (2018-00792). Donatella Zona was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) (award nos. 1204263 and 1702797) NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT74A; NNX16AF94A) Program, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant (NE/P002552/1), NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) under the Cooperative agreement grant no. NA16SEC4810008, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 72789. Sang-Jong Park was funded by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011). Namyi Chae acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT; the Ministry of Science and ICT) (NRF-2021M1A5A1065679 and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870). Sigrid Dengel was funded by Department of Energy and NGEE-Arctic. Frans-Jan W. Parmentier is funded by the Swedish Research Council (registration no. 2017-05268) and the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 274711). Anatoly S. Prokushkin and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov were funded by a grant of the Russian Fund for Basic Research no. 18-05-60203-Arktika. The authors would like to acknowledge Tiffany Windholz for her work on standardizing and cleaning up the database.

Funding Information:
This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsr?det (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsr?det Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogss?llskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF- 2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsr?d (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union's Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika).

Funding Information:
Financial support. This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsrådet (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogssällskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsråd (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JP-MXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union’s Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Anna-Maria Virkkala et al.

Funding

Acknowledgements. Anna-Maria Virkkala, Brendan M. Rogers, Susan M. Natali, and Jennifer D. Watts were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414). Brendan M. Rogers, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Christina Minions, and Julia Nojeim were also funded by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science and Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment programs (ABoVE grant NNX17AE13G), Susan M. Natali by NASA ABoVE (grant NNX15AT81A), and Jennifer D. Watts by NNX15AT81A and NASA NIP grant NNH17ZDA001N. Edward A. G. Schuur acknowledges NSF Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (grant no. 1331083) and NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange; grant no. 1931333. Edward A. G. Schuur further acknowledges US Department of Energy and Denali National Park. Mats B. Nilsson and Matthias Peichl acknowledge Swedish ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observatory System) funded by VR and contributing institutions; SITES (Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science) funded by VR and contributing institutions; VR (grant nos. 2018-03966 and 2019-04676), FORMAS (grant no. 2016-01289), and Kempe Foundations (SMK-1211). Eugenie Euskirchen and M. Syn-donia Bret-Harte were funded by NSF Arctic Observatory Network and Craig A. Emmerton, Vincent L. St. Louis, and Elyn Humphreys by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. Ivan Mammarella, Pasi Kolari, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, and An-nalea Lohila acknowledge ICOS-Finland and AV Russian Science Foundation, project 21-14-00209. Annalea Lohila, Mika Au-rela, Tuomas Laurila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, and Juha Hatakka further acknowledge the Ministry of Transport and Communication. William Quinton, Eugenie Euskirchen, and Vincent L. St. Louis were funded by ArcticNet. Hideki Kobayashi acknowledges The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (JPMXD1420318865), Maija E. Marushchak the Academy of Finland project PANDA (decision no. 317054), and Carolina Voigt the Academy of Finland project MUFFIN (decision no. 332196). Marguerite Mauritz acknowledges Arctic Data Center, National Science Foundation, US Department of Energy, Denali National Park. Yojiro Matsuura was funded by Ministry of Environment, Japan, and Masahito Ueyama by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865) and KAK-ENHI (19H05668). Steven F. Oberbauer acknowledges US National Science Foundation, and Mikhail Mastepanov, Bo Elberling, and Torben R. Christensen the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring program. Bo Elberling further acknowledge Arctic Station, University of Copenhagen and the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). Efrén López-Blanco was funded by Greenland Research Council, grant no. 80.35, financed by the Danish Program for Arctic Research and Lutz Merbold by TCOS Siberia. David Holl and Lars Kutzbach were funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 177 “CliSAP – Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction”. Järvi Järveoja acknowledges Swedish Forest Society Foundation (2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and FORMAS (2018-00792). Donatella Zona was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) (award nos. 1204263 and 1702797) NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT74A; NNX16AF94A) Program, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant (NE/P002552/1), NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) under the Cooperative agreement grant no. NA16SEC4810008, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 72789. Sang-Jong Park was funded by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011). Namyi Chae acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT; the Ministry of Science and ICT) (NRF-2021M1A5A1065679 and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870). Sigrid Dengel was funded by Department of Energy and NGEE-Arctic. Frans-Jan W. Parmentier is funded by the Swedish Research Council (registration no. 2017-05268) and the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 274711). Anatoly S. Prokushkin and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov were funded by a grant of the Russian Fund for Basic Research no. 18-05-60203-Arktika. The authors would like to acknowledge Tiffany Windholz for her work on standardizing and cleaning up the database. This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsr?det (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsr?det Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogss?llskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF- 2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsr?d (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union's Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika). Financial support. This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsrådet (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogssällskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsråd (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JP-MXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union’s Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika).

Funders	Funder number
Danish Program for Arctic Research and Lutz Merbold
Denali National Park
Eugenie Euskirchen
Greenland Research Council
ICOS-FINLAND
Masahito Ueyama	JP-MXD1420318865, 19H05668
Ministry of Environment, Japan
Ministry of Transport and Communication
NGEE
NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies
Norges Forskningsr?d
Skogss?llskapet
Svenska Forskningsr?det Formas
TCOS Siberia
Vetenskapsr?det
National Science Foundation	1331083, 1931333, 1204263, 1702797
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	NNX17AE13G, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT81A, NNX16AF94A, NNX15AT74A
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation	8414
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences	NE/P002552/1
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	72789
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Kempe Foundation	SMK-1211
Kempe Foundation
NOAA Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies	NA16SEC4810008
NOAA Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies
ArcticNet	80.35
ArcticNet
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Natural Environment Research Council
European Commission
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	EXC 177, 2018-485-Steg 2 2017
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond	DNRF100
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas	2018-00792, 2016-01289
Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
Russian Foundation for Basic Research	18-05-60203-Arktika
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Academy of Finland	332196, 317054
Academy of Finland
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning	NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
National Research Foundation of Korea	KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065425
National Research Foundation of Korea
Vetenskapsrådet	2017-05268, 2018-03966, 2019-04676
Vetenskapsrådet
Norges forskningsråd	274711
Norges forskningsråd
Russian Science Foundation	21-14-00209
Russian Science Foundation
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea

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Cite this

Virkkala, A. M., Natali, S. M., Rogers, B. M., Watts, J. D., Savage, K., Connon, S. J., Mauritz, M., Schuur, E. A. G., Peter, D., Minions, C., Nojeim, J., Commane, R., Emmerton, C. A., Goeckede, M., Helbig, M., Holl, D., Iwata, H., Kobayashi, H., Kolari, P., ... Zyryanov, V. I. (2022). The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems. Earth System Science Data, 14(1), 179-208. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022

@article{d3fa1205e8d6425692e41e95f39c0a79,

title = "The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems",

abstract = "Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19% of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3%) and eddy covariance (78%) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June-August; 32%), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September-October; 25%), winter (December-February; 18%), and spring (March-May; 25%). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the terrestrial ABZ CO2 budget. ABCflux is openly and freely available online (Virkkala et al., 2021b, 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1934).",

author = "Virkkala, {Anna Maria} and Natali, {Susan M.} and Rogers, {Brendan M.} and Watts, {Jennifer D.} and Kathleen Savage and Connon, {Sara June} and Marguerite Mauritz and Schuur, {Edward A.G.} and Darcy Peter and Christina Minions and Julia Nojeim and Roisin Commane and Emmerton, {Craig A.} and Mathias Goeckede and Manuel Helbig and David Holl and Hiroki Iwata and Hideki Kobayashi and Pasi Kolari and Efr{\'e}n L{\'o}pez-Blanco and Marushchak, {Maija E.} and Mikhail Mastepanov and Lutz Merbold and Parmentier, {Frans Jan W.} and Matthias Peichl and Torsten Sachs and Oliver Sonnentag and Masahito Ueyama and Carolina Voigt and Mika Aurela and Julia Boike and Gerardo Celis and Namyi Chae and Christensen, {Torben R.} and Bret-Harte, {M. Syndonia} and Sigrid Dengel and Han Dolman and Edgar, {Colin W.} and Bo Elberling and Eugenie Euskirchen and Achim Grelle and Juha Hatakka and Elyn Humphreys and J{\"a}rvi J{\"a}rveoja and Ayumi Kotani and Lars Kutzbach and Tuomas Laurila and Annalea Lohila and Ivan Mammarella and Yojiro Matsuura and Gesa Meyer and Nilsson, {Mats B.} and Oberbauer, {Steven F.} and Park, {Sang Jong} and Roman Petrov and Prokushkin, {Anatoly S.} and Christopher Schulze and {St. Louis}, {Vincent L.} and Tuittila, {Eeva Stiina} and Tuovinen, {Juha Pekka} and William Quinton and Andrej Varlagin and Donatella Zona and Zyryanov, {Viacheslav I.}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements. Anna-Maria Virkkala, Brendan M. Rogers, Susan M. Natali, and Jennifer D. Watts were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414). Brendan M. Rogers, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Christina Minions, and Julia Nojeim were also funded by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science and Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment programs (ABoVE grant NNX17AE13G), Susan M. Natali by NASA ABoVE (grant NNX15AT81A), and Jennifer D. Watts by NNX15AT81A and NASA NIP grant NNH17ZDA001N. Edward A. G. Schuur acknowledges NSF Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (grant no. 1331083) and NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange; grant no. 1931333. Edward A. G. Schuur further acknowledges US Department of Energy and Denali National Park. Mats B. Nilsson and Matthias Peichl acknowledge Swedish ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observatory System) funded by VR and contributing institutions; SITES (Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science) funded by VR and contributing institutions; VR (grant nos. 2018-03966 and 2019-04676), FORMAS (grant no. 2016-01289), and Kempe Foundations (SMK-1211). Eugenie Euskirchen and M. Syn-donia Bret-Harte were funded by NSF Arctic Observatory Network and Craig A. Emmerton, Vincent L. St. Louis, and Elyn Humphreys by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. Ivan Mammarella, Pasi Kolari, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, and An-nalea Lohila acknowledge ICOS-Finland and AV Russian Science Foundation, project 21-14-00209. Annalea Lohila, Mika Au-rela, Tuomas Laurila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, and Juha Hatakka further acknowledge the Ministry of Transport and Communication. William Quinton, Eugenie Euskirchen, and Vincent L. St. Louis were funded by ArcticNet. Hideki Kobayashi acknowledges The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (JPMXD1420318865), Maija E. Marushchak the Academy of Finland project PANDA (decision no. 317054), and Carolina Voigt the Academy of Finland project MUFFIN (decision no. 332196). Marguerite Mauritz acknowledges Arctic Data Center, National Science Foundation, US Department of Energy, Denali National Park. Yojiro Matsuura was funded by Ministry of Environment, Japan, and Masahito Ueyama by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865) and KAK-ENHI (19H05668). Steven F. Oberbauer acknowledges US National Science Foundation, and Mikhail Mastepanov, Bo Elberling, and Torben R. Christensen the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring program. Bo Elberling further acknowledge Arctic Station, University of Copenhagen and the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). Efr{\'e}n L{\'o}pez-Blanco was funded by Greenland Research Council, grant no. 80.35, financed by the Danish Program for Arctic Research and Lutz Merbold by TCOS Siberia. David Holl and Lars Kutzbach were funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany{\textquoteright}s Excellence Strategy – EXC 177 “CliSAP – Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction”. J{\"a}rvi J{\"a}rveoja acknowledges Swedish Forest Society Foundation (2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and FORMAS (2018-00792). Donatella Zona was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) (award nos. 1204263 and 1702797) NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT74A; NNX16AF94A) Program, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant (NE/P002552/1), NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) under the Cooperative agreement grant no. NA16SEC4810008, European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 72789. Sang-Jong Park was funded by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011). Namyi Chae acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT; the Ministry of Science and ICT) (NRF-2021M1A5A1065679 and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870). Sigrid Dengel was funded by Department of Energy and NGEE-Arctic. Frans-Jan W. Parmentier is funded by the Swedish Research Council (registration no. 2017-05268) and the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 274711). Anatoly S. Prokushkin and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov were funded by a grant of the Russian Fund for Basic Research no. 18-05-60203-Arktika. The authors would like to acknowledge Tiffany Windholz for her work on standardizing and cleaning up the database. Funding Information: This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsr?det (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsr?det Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogss?llskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF- 2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsr?d (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union's Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika). Funding Information: Financial support. This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsr{\aa}det (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsr{\aa}det Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogss{\"a}llskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsr{\aa}d (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JP-MXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Anna-Maria Virkkala et al.",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.5194/essd-14-179-2022",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

pages = "179--208",

journal = "Earth System Science Data",

issn = "1866-3508",

publisher = "Copernicus Publications",

number = "1",

}

Virkkala, AM, Natali, SM, Rogers, BM, Watts, JD, Savage, K, Connon, SJ, Mauritz, M, Schuur, EAG, Peter, D, Minions, C, Nojeim, J, Commane, R, Emmerton, CA, Goeckede, M, Helbig, M, Holl, D, Iwata, H, Kobayashi, H, Kolari, P, López-Blanco, E, Marushchak, ME, Mastepanov, M, Merbold, L, Parmentier, FJW, Peichl, M, Sachs, T, Sonnentag, O, Ueyama, M, Voigt, C, Aurela, M, Boike, J, Celis, G, Chae, N, Christensen, TR, Bret-Harte, MS, Dengel, S, Dolman, H, Edgar, CW, Elberling, B, Euskirchen, E, Grelle, A, Hatakka, J, Humphreys, E, Järveoja, J, Kotani, A, Kutzbach, L, Laurila, T, Lohila, A, Mammarella, I, Matsuura, Y, Meyer, G, Nilsson, MB, Oberbauer, SF, Park, SJ, Petrov, R, Prokushkin, AS, Schulze, C, St. Louis, VL, Tuittila, ES, Tuovinen, JP, Quinton, W, Varlagin, A, Zona, D & Zyryanov, VI 2022, 'The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems', Earth System Science Data, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 179-208. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022

TY - JOUR

T1 - The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

AU - Virkkala, Anna Maria

AU - Natali, Susan M.

AU - Rogers, Brendan M.

AU - Watts, Jennifer D.

AU - Savage, Kathleen

AU - Connon, Sara June

AU - Mauritz, Marguerite

AU - Schuur, Edward A.G.

AU - Peter, Darcy

AU - Minions, Christina

AU - Nojeim, Julia

AU - Commane, Roisin

AU - Emmerton, Craig A.

AU - Goeckede, Mathias

AU - Helbig, Manuel

AU - Holl, David

AU - Iwata, Hiroki

AU - Kobayashi, Hideki

AU - Kolari, Pasi

AU - López-Blanco, Efrén

AU - Marushchak, Maija E.

AU - Mastepanov, Mikhail

AU - Merbold, Lutz

AU - Parmentier, Frans Jan W.

AU - Peichl, Matthias

AU - Sachs, Torsten

AU - Sonnentag, Oliver

AU - Ueyama, Masahito

AU - Voigt, Carolina

AU - Aurela, Mika

AU - Boike, Julia

AU - Celis, Gerardo

AU - Chae, Namyi

AU - Christensen, Torben R.

AU - Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia

AU - Dengel, Sigrid

AU - Dolman, Han

AU - Edgar, Colin W.

AU - Elberling, Bo

AU - Euskirchen, Eugenie

AU - Grelle, Achim

AU - Hatakka, Juha

AU - Humphreys, Elyn

AU - Järveoja, Järvi

AU - Kotani, Ayumi

AU - Kutzbach, Lars

AU - Laurila, Tuomas

AU - Lohila, Annalea

AU - Mammarella, Ivan

AU - Matsuura, Yojiro

AU - Meyer, Gesa

AU - Nilsson, Mats B.

AU - Oberbauer, Steven F.

AU - Park, Sang Jong

AU - Petrov, Roman

AU - Prokushkin, Anatoly S.

AU - Schulze, Christopher

AU - St. Louis, Vincent L.

AU - Tuittila, Eeva Stiina

AU - Tuovinen, Juha Pekka

AU - Quinton, William

AU - Varlagin, Andrej

AU - Zona, Donatella

AU - Zyryanov, Viacheslav I.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements. Anna-Maria Virkkala, Brendan M. Rogers, Susan M. Natali, and Jennifer D. Watts were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414). Brendan M. Rogers, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Christina Minions, and Julia Nojeim were also funded by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science and Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment programs (ABoVE grant NNX17AE13G), Susan M. Natali by NASA ABoVE (grant NNX15AT81A), and Jennifer D. Watts by NNX15AT81A and NASA NIP grant NNH17ZDA001N. Edward A. G. Schuur acknowledges NSF Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (grant no. 1331083) and NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange; grant no. 1931333. Edward A. G. Schuur further acknowledges US Department of Energy and Denali National Park. Mats B. Nilsson and Matthias Peichl acknowledge Swedish ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observatory System) funded by VR and contributing institutions; SITES (Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science) funded by VR and contributing institutions; VR (grant nos. 2018-03966 and 2019-04676), FORMAS (grant no. 2016-01289), and Kempe Foundations (SMK-1211). Eugenie Euskirchen and M. Syn-donia Bret-Harte were funded by NSF Arctic Observatory Network and Craig A. Emmerton, Vincent L. St. Louis, and Elyn Humphreys by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. Ivan Mammarella, Pasi Kolari, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, and An-nalea Lohila acknowledge ICOS-Finland and AV Russian Science Foundation, project 21-14-00209. Annalea Lohila, Mika Au-rela, Tuomas Laurila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, and Juha Hatakka further acknowledge the Ministry of Transport and Communication. William Quinton, Eugenie Euskirchen, and Vincent L. St. Louis were funded by ArcticNet. Hideki Kobayashi acknowledges The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (JPMXD1420318865), Maija E. Marushchak the Academy of Finland project PANDA (decision no. 317054), and Carolina Voigt the Academy of Finland project MUFFIN (decision no. 332196). Marguerite Mauritz acknowledges Arctic Data Center, National Science Foundation, US Department of Energy, Denali National Park. Yojiro Matsuura was funded by Ministry of Environment, Japan, and Masahito Ueyama by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865) and KAK-ENHI (19H05668). Steven F. Oberbauer acknowledges US National Science Foundation, and Mikhail Mastepanov, Bo Elberling, and Torben R. Christensen the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring program. Bo Elberling further acknowledge Arctic Station, University of Copenhagen and the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). Efrén López-Blanco was funded by Greenland Research Council, grant no. 80.35, financed by the Danish Program for Arctic Research and Lutz Merbold by TCOS Siberia. David Holl and Lars Kutzbach were funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 177 “CliSAP – Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction”. Järvi Järveoja acknowledges Swedish Forest Society Foundation (2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and FORMAS (2018-00792). Donatella Zona was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) (award nos. 1204263 and 1702797) NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT74A; NNX16AF94A) Program, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant (NE/P002552/1), NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) under the Cooperative agreement grant no. NA16SEC4810008, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 72789. Sang-Jong Park was funded by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011). Namyi Chae acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT; the Ministry of Science and ICT) (NRF-2021M1A5A1065679 and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870). Sigrid Dengel was funded by Department of Energy and NGEE-Arctic. Frans-Jan W. Parmentier is funded by the Swedish Research Council (registration no. 2017-05268) and the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 274711). Anatoly S. Prokushkin and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov were funded by a grant of the Russian Fund for Basic Research no. 18-05-60203-Arktika. The authors would like to acknowledge Tiffany Windholz for her work on standardizing and cleaning up the database. Funding Information: This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsr?det (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsr?det Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogss?llskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF- 2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsr?d (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union's Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika). Funding Information: Financial support. This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsrådet (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogssällskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF-2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsråd (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JP-MXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union’s Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Anna-Maria Virkkala et al.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19% of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3%) and eddy covariance (78%) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June-August; 32%), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September-October; 25%), winter (December-February; 18%), and spring (March-May; 25%). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the terrestrial ABZ CO2 budget. ABCflux is openly and freely available online (Virkkala et al., 2021b, 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1934).

AB - Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19% of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3%) and eddy covariance (78%) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June-August; 32%), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September-October; 25%), winter (December-February; 18%), and spring (March-May; 25%). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the terrestrial ABZ CO2 budget. ABCflux is openly and freely available online (Virkkala et al., 2021b, 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1934).

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123682779&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85123682779&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.5194/essd-14-179-2022

DO - 10.5194/essd-14-179-2022

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85123682779

SN - 1866-3508

VL - 14

SP - 179

EP - 208

JO - Earth System Science Data

JF - Earth System Science Data

IS - 1

ER -

The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

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