The association between freezing of gait, fear of falling and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal analysis

Ires Ghielen; Perrie Koene; Jos Wr Twisk; Gert Kwakkel; Odile A van den Heuvel; Erwin Eh van Wegen

doi:10.2217/nmt-2019-0028

The association between freezing of gait, fear of falling and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal analysis

Ires Ghielen, Perrie Koene, Jos Wr Twisk, Gert Kwakkel, Odile A van den Heuvel, Erwin Eh van Wegen

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Aim: We studied the longitudinal associations between freezing of gait (FoG), fear of falling (FoF) and anxiety, and how these associations are influenced by confounding factors. Materials & methods: We analyzed longitudinal motor and nonmotor measurements from 153 Parkinson's disease patients. Possible confounding factors were divided into three subgroups: demographics, disease characteristics, medication use and adverse effects of medication. Results: All crude associations between FoG, FoF and anxiety were significant and remained so after adjusting for confounders. When analyzing FoF and anxiety together as independent variables, the association between FoG and FoF remained, and the association between FoG and anxiety diminished. Conclusion: We confirm the complex interactions between motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and plead for a multidisciplinary approach.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	159-168
Number of pages	10
Journal	Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Volume	10
Issue number	3
Early online date	17 Jun 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2019-0028
Publication status	Published - Jun 2020
Externally published	Yes

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title = "The association between freezing of gait, fear of falling and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal analysis",

abstract = "Aim: We studied the longitudinal associations between freezing of gait (FoG), fear of falling (FoF) and anxiety, and how these associations are influenced by confounding factors. Materials & methods: We analyzed longitudinal motor and nonmotor measurements from 153 Parkinson's disease patients. Possible confounding factors were divided into three subgroups: demographics, disease characteristics, medication use and adverse effects of medication. Results: All crude associations between FoG, FoF and anxiety were significant and remained so after adjusting for confounders. When analyzing FoF and anxiety together as independent variables, the association between FoG and FoF remained, and the association between FoG and anxiety diminished. Conclusion: We confirm the complex interactions between motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and plead for a multidisciplinary approach.",

author = "Ires Ghielen and Perrie Koene and Twisk, {Jos Wr} and Gert Kwakkel and {van den Heuvel}, {Odile A} and {van Wegen}, {Erwin Eh}",

year = "2020",

month = jun,

doi = "10.2217/nmt-2019-0028",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "159--168",

journal = "Neurodegenerative Disease Management",

issn = "1758-2024",

publisher = "Future Medicine Ltd.",

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T1 - The association between freezing of gait, fear of falling and anxiety in Parkinson's disease

T2 - a longitudinal analysis

AU - Ghielen, Ires

AU - Koene, Perrie

AU - Twisk, Jos Wr

AU - Kwakkel, Gert

AU - van den Heuvel, Odile A

AU - van Wegen, Erwin Eh

PY - 2020/6

Y1 - 2020/6

N2 - Aim: We studied the longitudinal associations between freezing of gait (FoG), fear of falling (FoF) and anxiety, and how these associations are influenced by confounding factors. Materials & methods: We analyzed longitudinal motor and nonmotor measurements from 153 Parkinson's disease patients. Possible confounding factors were divided into three subgroups: demographics, disease characteristics, medication use and adverse effects of medication. Results: All crude associations between FoG, FoF and anxiety were significant and remained so after adjusting for confounders. When analyzing FoF and anxiety together as independent variables, the association between FoG and FoF remained, and the association between FoG and anxiety diminished. Conclusion: We confirm the complex interactions between motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and plead for a multidisciplinary approach.

AB - Aim: We studied the longitudinal associations between freezing of gait (FoG), fear of falling (FoF) and anxiety, and how these associations are influenced by confounding factors. Materials & methods: We analyzed longitudinal motor and nonmotor measurements from 153 Parkinson's disease patients. Possible confounding factors were divided into three subgroups: demographics, disease characteristics, medication use and adverse effects of medication. Results: All crude associations between FoG, FoF and anxiety were significant and remained so after adjusting for confounders. When analyzing FoF and anxiety together as independent variables, the association between FoG and FoF remained, and the association between FoG and anxiety diminished. Conclusion: We confirm the complex interactions between motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and plead for a multidisciplinary approach.

U2 - 10.2217/nmt-2019-0028

DO - 10.2217/nmt-2019-0028

M3 - Article

C2 - 32552383

SN - 1758-2024

VL - 10

SP - 159

EP - 168

JO - Neurodegenerative Disease Management

JF - Neurodegenerative Disease Management

IS - 3

ER -

The association between freezing of gait, fear of falling and anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal analysis

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