The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial

Sven Hoekstra; Frank Ettema; Max van der Bijll; Vera van der Sterren; Ellen van Binsbergen; Ludwine van Orsouw; Wendy Achterberg; Hein Daanen; Thomas Janssen; Sonja de Groot

doi:10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9

The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial

Sven Hoekstra, Frank Ettema, Max van der Bijll, Vera van der Sterren, Ellen van Binsbergen, Ludwine van Orsouw, Wendy Achterberg, Hein Daanen, Thomas Janssen, Sonja de Groot

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with (WHM-C) and without cold exposure (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

SETTING: Rehabilitation centre (assessments and once-weekly intervention sessions) and home-based (daily intervention sessions).

METHODS: Sixty adults with chronic SCI will be randomised (1:1:1) to one of three groups: participants in the intervention groups (i.e., WHM-C and WHM-NC) will engage in a 7-week intervention, with one weekly practice session at the rehabilitation centre and a daily WHM session at home. WHM-NC will consist of breathing exercises and mindset, while participants in WHM-C will partake in breathing exercises, mindset and cold exposure. Participants allocated to usual care (UC) will not receive the WHM intervention. The primary outcome is mental health reported via the Mental Health Inventory (MHI)-5, while secondary outcomes include circulating inflammatory and metabolic marker concentration, pulmonary function, body composition, sleep quality, spasticity, chronic pain and psychological stress.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been obtained from the medical ethics committee of the Máxima Medical Centre (Veldhoven, the Netherlands; identifier: w22.069). If shown efficacious in improving mental health, as well as physical health, in persons with chronic SCI, the low cost and accessibility of the WHM allows it to be directly implemented in SCI rehabilitation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05704322.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	237-240
Number of pages	14
Journal	Spinal cord
Volume	62
Issue number	5
Early online date	15 Mar 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9
Publication status	Published - May 2024

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Hoekstra2024_The effect of breathing exercisesFinal published version, 570 KBLicence: Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act

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Hoekstra, S., Ettema, F., van der Bijll, M., van der Sterren, V., van Binsbergen, E., van Orsouw, L., Achterberg, W., Daanen, H., Janssen, T., & de Groot, S. (2024). The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial. Spinal cord, 62(5), 237-240. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9

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title = "The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial",

abstract = "STUDY DESIGN: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with (WHM-C) and without cold exposure (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).SETTING: Rehabilitation centre (assessments and once-weekly intervention sessions) and home-based (daily intervention sessions).METHODS: Sixty adults with chronic SCI will be randomised (1:1:1) to one of three groups: participants in the intervention groups (i.e., WHM-C and WHM-NC) will engage in a 7-week intervention, with one weekly practice session at the rehabilitation centre and a daily WHM session at home. WHM-NC will consist of breathing exercises and mindset, while participants in WHM-C will partake in breathing exercises, mindset and cold exposure. Participants allocated to usual care (UC) will not receive the WHM intervention. The primary outcome is mental health reported via the Mental Health Inventory (MHI)-5, while secondary outcomes include circulating inflammatory and metabolic marker concentration, pulmonary function, body composition, sleep quality, spasticity, chronic pain and psychological stress.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been obtained from the medical ethics committee of the M{\'a}xima Medical Centre (Veldhoven, the Netherlands; identifier: w22.069). If shown efficacious in improving mental health, as well as physical health, in persons with chronic SCI, the low cost and accessibility of the WHM allows it to be directly implemented in SCI rehabilitation.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05704322.",

author = "Sven Hoekstra and Frank Ettema and {van der Bijll}, Max and {van der Sterren}, Vera and {van Binsbergen}, Ellen and {van Orsouw}, Ludwine and Wendy Achterberg and Hein Daanen and Thomas Janssen and {de Groot}, Sonja",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Spinal Cord Society.",

year = "2024",

month = may,

doi = "10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9",

language = "English",

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Hoekstra, S, Ettema, F, van der Bijll, M, van der Sterren, V, van Binsbergen, E, van Orsouw, L, Achterberg, W, Daanen, H , Janssen, T & de Groot, S 2024, 'The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial', Spinal cord, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 237-240. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9

The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial. / Hoekstra, Sven; Ettema, Frank; van der Bijll, Max et al.
In: Spinal cord, Vol. 62, No. 5, 05.2024, p. 237-240.

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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T1 - The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial

AU - Hoekstra, Sven

AU - Ettema, Frank

AU - van der Bijll, Max

AU - van der Sterren, Vera

AU - van Binsbergen, Ellen

AU - van Orsouw, Ludwine

AU - Achterberg, Wendy

AU - Daanen, Hein

AU - Janssen, Thomas

AU - de Groot, Sonja

PY - 2024/5

Y1 - 2024/5

N2 - STUDY DESIGN: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with (WHM-C) and without cold exposure (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).SETTING: Rehabilitation centre (assessments and once-weekly intervention sessions) and home-based (daily intervention sessions).METHODS: Sixty adults with chronic SCI will be randomised (1:1:1) to one of three groups: participants in the intervention groups (i.e., WHM-C and WHM-NC) will engage in a 7-week intervention, with one weekly practice session at the rehabilitation centre and a daily WHM session at home. WHM-NC will consist of breathing exercises and mindset, while participants in WHM-C will partake in breathing exercises, mindset and cold exposure. Participants allocated to usual care (UC) will not receive the WHM intervention. The primary outcome is mental health reported via the Mental Health Inventory (MHI)-5, while secondary outcomes include circulating inflammatory and metabolic marker concentration, pulmonary function, body composition, sleep quality, spasticity, chronic pain and psychological stress.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been obtained from the medical ethics committee of the Máxima Medical Centre (Veldhoven, the Netherlands; identifier: w22.069). If shown efficacious in improving mental health, as well as physical health, in persons with chronic SCI, the low cost and accessibility of the WHM allows it to be directly implemented in SCI rehabilitation.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05704322.

AB - STUDY DESIGN: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with (WHM-C) and without cold exposure (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).SETTING: Rehabilitation centre (assessments and once-weekly intervention sessions) and home-based (daily intervention sessions).METHODS: Sixty adults with chronic SCI will be randomised (1:1:1) to one of three groups: participants in the intervention groups (i.e., WHM-C and WHM-NC) will engage in a 7-week intervention, with one weekly practice session at the rehabilitation centre and a daily WHM session at home. WHM-NC will consist of breathing exercises and mindset, while participants in WHM-C will partake in breathing exercises, mindset and cold exposure. Participants allocated to usual care (UC) will not receive the WHM intervention. The primary outcome is mental health reported via the Mental Health Inventory (MHI)-5, while secondary outcomes include circulating inflammatory and metabolic marker concentration, pulmonary function, body composition, sleep quality, spasticity, chronic pain and psychological stress.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been obtained from the medical ethics committee of the Máxima Medical Centre (Veldhoven, the Netherlands; identifier: w22.069). If shown efficacious in improving mental health, as well as physical health, in persons with chronic SCI, the low cost and accessibility of the WHM allows it to be directly implemented in SCI rehabilitation.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05704322.

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DO - 10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9

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Hoekstra S, Ettema F, van der Bijll M, van der Sterren V, van Binsbergen E, van Orsouw L et al. The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial. Spinal cord. 2024 May;62(5):237-240. Epub 2024 Mar 15. doi: 10.1038/s41393-024-00976-9

The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial

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