Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and H+) on cadmium toxicity to the springtail Folsomia candida. Survival of the animals was determined after seven days exposure to different cadmium concentrations in an inert sand-solution medium, in different experimental setups with modification of the cation concentrations. Among the cations tested, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had protective effects on the toxicity of cadmium to the springtails while Na+, K+, and H+ showed less competition with free cadmium ions for binding to the uptake sites of the collembolans. Toxicity predicted with a biotic ligand model agreed well with the observed values. Calculated conditional binding constants and the fraction of biotic ligands occupied by cadmium to show 50% effects were similar to values reported in the literature. The results emphasize the important role of solution chemistry in determining metal toxicity to soil invertebrates.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 19-25 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Environmental Pollution |
Volume | 246 |
Early online date | 26 Nov 2018 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2019 |
Funding
This study was supported by the grants awarded by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic-MEYS (Grants No. LM2015075 and EF16_013/0001782 ). This work has also been supported by Charles University Research Centre program No. 204069 . The authors would like to thank Rudo A. Verweij for technical assistance. Appendix A
Funders | Funder number |
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Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic-MEYS | EF16_013/0001782, LM2015075 |
Univerzita Karlova v Praze | 204069 |
Keywords
- Bioavailability
- Conditional binding constant
- Metal
- Soil
- Springtail
- Survival