The Einstein Telescope Pathfinder and its Vacuum System

Einstein Telescope Pathfinder (ET-PF) collaboration

doi:10.22323/1.501.0932

The Einstein Telescope Pathfinder and its Vacuum System

Einstein Telescope Pathfinder (ET-PF) collaboration

(Astro)-Particles Physics

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The Einstein Telescope (ET) will be the next generation gravitational wave observatory in Europe with a sensitivity reaching beyond the CMB into the dark era of the Universe. Each corner of the triangular baseline design is the center of two interferometers with 10 km long arms, one operated at room temperature, the other one with mirrors at cryogenic temperatures of 10 – 15 K that reduce the noise contribution at frequencies as low as 3 Hz. The ETpathfinder (ET-PF) project at Maastricht University is a R&D facility for the challenging cryogenic interferometer technology of ET. It is a 20 m x 20 m interferometer with six towers that will house the seismically decoupled cryogenic Si-mirrors, laser systems, and detectors. The KIT group developed the control system of the ultra-high vacuum system for ET-PF, based on the expertise from the KATRIN neutrino mass experiment. In addition, a test facility is currently being set up at KIT to investigate adsorption and desorption processes of residual gas on the cryogenic mirror surfaces, as well as monitoring techniques and in-situ cleaning procedures. This paper presents the objectives and status of these activities and their contribution towards the next generation gravitational wave observatory.

Original language	English
Article number	932
Pages (from-to)	1-9
Number of pages	9
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	501
Early online date	30 Dec 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0932
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025 - Geneva, Switzerland Duration: 15 Jul 2025 → 24 Jul 2025

Bibliographical note

Proceedings title: 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Gravitational Wave, Multi-Messenger & Synergies

Funding

The authors would like to thank the entire ET-PF team as well as the members of the KATRIN Collaboration for the constructive cooperation and the possibility of technology transfer in order to advance and realise the major goal of a future Einstein Telescope. The ETpathfinder project in Maastricht is funded by Interreg Vlaanderen-Nederland, the province of Dutch Limburg, the province of Antwerp, the Flemish Government, the province of North Brabant, the Smart Hub Flemish Brabant, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, and by own funding of the involved partners. In addition the ETpathfinder team acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC), the Dutch Research Council (NWO), the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), the German Research Foundation (DFG), Spanish MICINN, the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the Dutch National Growth Fund (NGF).

Funders
Dutch National Growth Fund
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Vlaamse regering
Ministerie van Economische Zaken
Generalitat de Catalunya
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
NGF
Interreg Vlaanderen-Nederland
European Research Council
Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap
FWO

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title = "The Einstein Telescope Pathfinder and its Vacuum System",

abstract = "The Einstein Telescope (ET) will be the next generation gravitational wave observatory in Europe with a sensitivity reaching beyond the CMB into the dark era of the Universe. Each corner of the triangular baseline design is the center of two interferometers with 10 km long arms, one operated at room temperature, the other one with mirrors at cryogenic temperatures of 10 – 15 K that reduce the noise contribution at frequencies as low as 3 Hz. The ETpathfinder (ET-PF) project at Maastricht University is a R\&D facility for the challenging cryogenic interferometer technology of ET. It is a 20 m x 20 m interferometer with six towers that will house the seismically decoupled cryogenic Si-mirrors, laser systems, and detectors. The KIT group developed the control system of the ultra-high vacuum system for ET-PF, based on the expertise from the KATRIN neutrino mass experiment. In addition, a test facility is currently being set up at KIT to investigate adsorption and desorption processes of residual gas on the cryogenic mirror surfaces, as well as monitoring techniques and in-situ cleaning procedures. This paper presents the objectives and status of these activities and their contribution towards the next generation gravitational wave observatory.",

author = "Thomas H{\"o}hn and A. Schwenck and Thomas Th{\"u}mmler and Joachim Wolf and Ralph Engel and A. Haungs and M. Adams and K. Akhil and A. Amato and M. Baars and P. Baer and W. Beaumont and C. Bellani and A. Bertolini and S. Biersteker and A. Binetti and \{den Bossche\}, E.V. and G. Bruno and T. Bulik and H.J. Bulten and T. Chalyan and R. Cornelissen and P. Cuijpers and S. Danilishin and D. Diksha and D. Doerga and E. Duvieusart and R. Elsinga and R. Engel and A. Freise and H. Frenaij and S. Funk and R. Garcia and A. Goodwin-Jones and Y. Guo and \{Van Haevermaet\}, H. and F. Happe and A. Haungs and S. Heijnen and \{van Heijningen\}, J. and S. Hild and G. Hoft and T. H{\"o}hn and W.-F. Hsu and G.A. Iandolo and M. Jaspers and R. Joppe and N. Knust and D. Kollmer and T. Kortekaas and A.N. Koushik and M. Kraan and \{van de Kraats\}, M. and S.L. Kranzhoff and P. Kuijer and K. Lam and S. Lammers and N. Letendre and P. Li and \{van Limbeek\}, M. and F. Linde and J.-P. Locquet and A. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez-Perez and L. Massaro and A. Masserot and F. Meylahn and H. Morgenweck and C. Mow-Lowry and J. Mundet and B. Munneke and \{van Nieuwland\}, L. and T. Oomen and E. {\"O}z and E. Pacaud and D. Pascucci and S. Petit and E. Porcelli and \{Van Ranst\}, Z. and \{van Remortel\}, N. and L. Rolland and A. Romero-Rodr{\'i}guez and D. Rosseel and K. Schouteden and T. Schoon and R. Schmeitz and B. Schwab and A. Schwenck and M. Seo and A. Sevrin and L. Silenzi and A. Stahl and J. Steinlechner and S. Steinlechner and M. Suchenek and B. Swinkels and M. Tacca and H. Thienpont and T. Th{\"u}mmler and M. Vardaro and C.H. Vermeer and N. Vermeulen and M. Vervaeke and W. Vink and G. Visser and G. Witvoet and B. Willke and J. W{\"o}hler and J. Wolf and A. Zink and \{Einstein Telescope Pathfinder (ET-PF) collaboration\}",

note = "Proceedings title: 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Gravitational Wave, Multi-Messenger \& Synergies ; 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025 ; Conference date: 15-07-2025 Through 24-07-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.22323/1.501.0932",

language = "English",

volume = "501",

pages = "1--9",

journal = "Proceedings of Science",

issn = "1824-8039",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The Einstein Telescope Pathfinder and its Vacuum System

AU - Höhn, Thomas

AU - Schwenck, A.

AU - Thümmler, Thomas

AU - Wolf, Joachim

AU - Engel, Ralph

AU - Haungs, A.

AU - Adams, M.

AU - Akhil, K.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Baars, M.

AU - Baer, P.

AU - Beaumont, W.

AU - Bellani, C.

AU - Bertolini, A.

AU - Biersteker, S.

AU - Binetti, A.

AU - den Bossche, E.V.

AU - Bruno, G.

AU - Bulik, T.

AU - Bulten, H.J.

AU - Chalyan, T.

AU - Cornelissen, R.

AU - Cuijpers, P.

AU - Danilishin, S.

AU - Diksha, D.

AU - Doerga, D.

AU - Duvieusart, E.

AU - Elsinga, R.

AU - Engel, R.

AU - Freise, A.

AU - Frenaij, H.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Garcia, R.

AU - Goodwin-Jones, A.

AU - Guo, Y.

AU - Van Haevermaet, H.

AU - Happe, F.

AU - Haungs, A.

AU - Heijnen, S.

AU - van Heijningen, J.

AU - Hild, S.

AU - Hoft, G.

AU - Höhn, T.

AU - Hsu, W.-F.

AU - Iandolo, G.A.

AU - Jaspers, M.

AU - Joppe, R.

AU - Knust, N.

AU - Kollmer, D.

AU - Kortekaas, T.

AU - Koushik, A.N.

AU - Kraan, M.

AU - van de Kraats, M.

AU - Kranzhoff, S.L.

AU - Kuijer, P.

AU - Lam, K.

AU - Lammers, S.

AU - Letendre, N.

AU - Li, P.

AU - van Limbeek, M.

AU - Linde, F.

AU - Locquet, J.-P.

AU - Mariotti, A.

AU - Martínez-Perez, M.

AU - Massaro, L.

AU - Masserot, A.

AU - Meylahn, F.

AU - Morgenweck, H.

AU - Mow-Lowry, C.

AU - Mundet, J.

AU - Munneke, B.

AU - van Nieuwland, L.

AU - Oomen, T.

AU - Öz, E.

AU - Pacaud, E.

AU - Pascucci, D.

AU - Petit, S.

AU - Porcelli, E.

AU - Van Ranst, Z.

AU - van Remortel, N.

AU - Rolland, L.

AU - Romero-Rodríguez, A.

AU - Rosseel, D.

AU - Schouteden, K.

AU - Schoon, T.

AU - Schmeitz, R.

AU - Schwab, B.

AU - Schwenck, A.

AU - Seo, M.

AU - Sevrin, A.

AU - Silenzi, L.

AU - Stahl, A.

AU - Steinlechner, J.

AU - Steinlechner, S.

AU - Suchenek, M.

AU - Swinkels, B.

AU - Tacca, M.

AU - Thienpont, H.

AU - Thümmler, T.

AU - Vardaro, M.

AU - Vermeer, C.H.

AU - Vermeulen, N.

AU - Vervaeke, M.

AU - Vink, W.

AU - Visser, G.

AU - Witvoet, G.

AU - Willke, B.

AU - Wöhler, J.

AU - Wolf, J.

AU - Zink, A.

AU - Einstein Telescope Pathfinder (ET-PF) collaboration

N1 - Proceedings title: 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Gravitational Wave, Multi-Messenger & Synergies

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - The Einstein Telescope (ET) will be the next generation gravitational wave observatory in Europe with a sensitivity reaching beyond the CMB into the dark era of the Universe. Each corner of the triangular baseline design is the center of two interferometers with 10 km long arms, one operated at room temperature, the other one with mirrors at cryogenic temperatures of 10 – 15 K that reduce the noise contribution at frequencies as low as 3 Hz. The ETpathfinder (ET-PF) project at Maastricht University is a R&D facility for the challenging cryogenic interferometer technology of ET. It is a 20 m x 20 m interferometer with six towers that will house the seismically decoupled cryogenic Si-mirrors, laser systems, and detectors. The KIT group developed the control system of the ultra-high vacuum system for ET-PF, based on the expertise from the KATRIN neutrino mass experiment. In addition, a test facility is currently being set up at KIT to investigate adsorption and desorption processes of residual gas on the cryogenic mirror surfaces, as well as monitoring techniques and in-situ cleaning procedures. This paper presents the objectives and status of these activities and their contribution towards the next generation gravitational wave observatory.

AB - The Einstein Telescope (ET) will be the next generation gravitational wave observatory in Europe with a sensitivity reaching beyond the CMB into the dark era of the Universe. Each corner of the triangular baseline design is the center of two interferometers with 10 km long arms, one operated at room temperature, the other one with mirrors at cryogenic temperatures of 10 – 15 K that reduce the noise contribution at frequencies as low as 3 Hz. The ETpathfinder (ET-PF) project at Maastricht University is a R&D facility for the challenging cryogenic interferometer technology of ET. It is a 20 m x 20 m interferometer with six towers that will house the seismically decoupled cryogenic Si-mirrors, laser systems, and detectors. The KIT group developed the control system of the ultra-high vacuum system for ET-PF, based on the expertise from the KATRIN neutrino mass experiment. In addition, a test facility is currently being set up at KIT to investigate adsorption and desorption processes of residual gas on the cryogenic mirror surfaces, as well as monitoring techniques and in-situ cleaning procedures. This paper presents the objectives and status of these activities and their contribution towards the next generation gravitational wave observatory.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105029063144

U2 - 10.22323/1.501.0932

DO - 10.22323/1.501.0932

M3 - Article

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 501

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 932

T2 - 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025

Y2 - 15 July 2025 through 24 July 2025

ER -

The Einstein Telescope Pathfinder and its Vacuum System

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

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