The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements: Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly

M. Ramonet; P. Ciais; F. Apadula; J. Bartyzel; A. Bastos; P. Bergamaschi; P.E. Blanc; D. Brunner; L. Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo; F. Calzolari; H. Chen; L. Chmura; A. Colomb; S. Conil; P. Cristofanelli; E. Cuevas; R. Curcoll; M. Delmotte; A. Di Sarra; L. Emmenegger; G. Forster; A. Frumau; C. Gerbig; F. Gheusi; S. Hammer; L. Haszpra; J. Hatakka; L. Hazan; M. Heliasz; S. Henne; A. Hensen; O. Hermansen; P. Keronen; R. Kivi; K. Komínková; D. Kubistin; O. Laurent; T. Laurila; J.V. Lavric; I. Lehner; K.E.J. Lehtinen; A. Leskinen; M. Leuenberger; I. Levin; M. Lindauer; M. Lopez; C. Lund Myhre; I. Mammarella; G. Manca; A. Manning; M.V. Marek; P. Marklund; D. Martin; F. Meinhardt; N. Mihalopoulos; M. Mölder; J.A. Morgui; J. Necki; S. O'Doherty; C. O'Dowd; M. Ottosson; C. Philippon; S. Piacentino; J.M. Pichon; C. Plass-Duelmer; A. Resovsky; L. Rivier; X. Rodó; M.K. Sha; H.A. Scheeren; D. Sferlazzo; T.G. Spain; K.M. Stanley; M. Steinbacher; P. Trisolino; A. Vermeulen; G. Vítková; D. Weyrauch; I. Xueref-Remy; K. Yala; C. Yver Kwok

doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0513

The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements: Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly

M. Ramonet, P. Ciais, F. Apadula, J. Bartyzel, A. Bastos, P. Bergamaschi, P.E. Blanc, D. Brunner, L. Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo, F. Calzolari, H. Chen, L. Chmura, A. Colomb, S. Conil, P. Cristofanelli, E. Cuevas, R. Curcoll, M. Delmotte, A. Di Sarra, L. EmmeneggerG. Forster, A. Frumau, C. Gerbig, F. Gheusi, S. Hammer, L. Haszpra, J. Hatakka, L. Hazan, M. Heliasz, S. Henne, A. Hensen, O. Hermansen, P. Keronen, R. Kivi, K. Komínková, D. Kubistin, O. Laurent, T. Laurila, J.V. Lavric, I. Lehner, K.E.J. Lehtinen, A. Leskinen, M. Leuenberger, I. Levin, M. Lindauer, M. Lopez, C. Lund Myhre, I. Mammarella, G. Manca, A. Manning, M.V. Marek, P. Marklund, D. Martin, F. Meinhardt, N. Mihalopoulos, M. Mölder, J.A. Morgui, J. Necki, S. O'Doherty, C. O'Dowd, M. Ottosson, C. Philippon, S. Piacentino, J.M. Pichon, C. Plass-Duelmer, A. Resovsky, L. Rivier, X. Rodó, M.K. Sha, H.A. Scheeren, D. Sferlazzo, T.G. Spain, K.M. Stanley, M. Steinbacher, P. Trisolino, A. Vermeulen, G. Vítková, D. Weyrauch, I. Xueref-Remy, K. Yala, C. Yver Kwok

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO 2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO 2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO 2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO 2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO 2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO 2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.

Original language	English
Article number	20190513
Journal	Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Volume	375
Issue number	1810
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0513
Publication status	Published - 26 Oct 2020
Externally published	Yes

Funding

The authors acknowledge all the technical staff in charge of operating the atmospheric stations. ICOS activities at CMN have been implemented by the National Project of Interest NextData and are supported by the Ministry of Education, University and Research and by the ‘ICOS-Italy' JRU; CNR acknowledges the logistic support and hospitality of Italian Air Force ‘CAMM'. Thanks to the people from the Parc Científic of Barcelona (PCB-UB), the Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences (IC3) and the Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB) who contributed to ClimaDat: MA Rodríguez-Arias, A Font, I Pouchet, A Águeda, R Arias, L Sánchez, P Occhipinti, M Tello, S Liñan, Ò Batet, M Nofuentes, C Grossi, M Ealo, S Borrás, L Cañas, E Vázquez, A Jornet, À Garriga, C Estruch. The French monitoring network acknowledges the long-term support received as part of the Service National d'Observation program. Thanks to V Legendre, P Wiszniowski, L Gest, PY Quéhé, J Helle, T Laemmel, L Vialettes, A Orgun, R Jacob, D Combaz, C Lett, O Llido, C Peureux, C Vuillemin, F Truong, B Gal. The UK sites were funded by the UK Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (formerly the Department of Energy and Climate Change) through contracts TRN1028/06/2015 and TRN1537/06/2018. The Cabauw measurements have been supported by the Dutch government as well as national and European projects. The Hegyhatsall measurements have been supported by the Hungarian Meteorological Service, and funded by the project OTKA K129118. For Bialystok, we wish to acknowledge the support of the Max Planck Society and AeroMeteo Service Krzysztof Katryński. Operation of the Krešín u Pacova station was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the CzeCOS program, grant number LM2015061 and within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), grant number LO1415. Measurements at Lampedusa were supported by the Italian Ministry for University and Research through project NextData and the ICOS-Italy Joint Research Unit. The stations at the ClimaDat Network in Spain have received funding from the ‘la Caixa’ Foundation, under agreement 2010-002624. Acknowledgements

Funders	Funder number
Italian Air Force ‘CAMM
Italian Ministry for University and Research
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR	LO1415, LM2015061
Department of Energy and Climate Change	TRN1028/06/2015, TRN1537/06/2018
“la Caixa” Foundation	2010-002624
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	730944
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
Hungarian Scientific Research Fund	K129118
Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat

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10.1098/rstb.2019.0513

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Ramonet, M., Ciais, P., Apadula, F., Bartyzel, J., Bastos, A., Bergamaschi, P., Blanc, P. E., Brunner, D., Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo, L., Calzolari, F., Chen, H., Chmura, L., Colomb, A., Conil, S., Cristofanelli, P., Cuevas, E., Curcoll, R., Delmotte, M., Di Sarra, A., ... Yver Kwok, C. (2020). The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements: Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1810), Article 20190513. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0513

@article{0891fe5d267e440ba261e4fd1b788e95,

title = "The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements: Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly",

abstract = "During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO 2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO 2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO 2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO 2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO 2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO 2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.",

author = "M. Ramonet and P. Ciais and F. Apadula and J. Bartyzel and A. Bastos and P. Bergamaschi and P.E. Blanc and D. Brunner and {Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo}, L. and F. Calzolari and H. Chen and L. Chmura and A. Colomb and S. Conil and P. Cristofanelli and E. Cuevas and R. Curcoll and M. Delmotte and {Di Sarra}, A. and L. Emmenegger and G. Forster and A. Frumau and C. Gerbig and F. Gheusi and S. Hammer and L. Haszpra and J. Hatakka and L. Hazan and M. Heliasz and S. Henne and A. Hensen and O. Hermansen and P. Keronen and R. Kivi and K. Kom{\'i}nkov{\'a} and D. Kubistin and O. Laurent and T. Laurila and J.V. Lavric and I. Lehner and K.E.J. Lehtinen and A. Leskinen and M. Leuenberger and I. Levin and M. Lindauer and M. Lopez and Myhre, {C. Lund} and I. Mammarella and G. Manca and A. Manning and M.V. Marek and P. Marklund and D. Martin and F. Meinhardt and N. Mihalopoulos and M. M{\"o}lder and J.A. Morgui and J. Necki and S. O'Doherty and C. O'Dowd and M. Ottosson and C. Philippon and S. Piacentino and J.M. Pichon and C. Plass-Duelmer and A. Resovsky and L. Rivier and X. Rod{\'o} and M.K. Sha and H.A. Scheeren and D. Sferlazzo and T.G. Spain and K.M. Stanley and M. Steinbacher and P. Trisolino and A. Vermeulen and G. V{\'i}tkov{\'a} and D. Weyrauch and I. Xueref-Remy and K. Yala and {Yver Kwok}, C.",

year = "2020",

month = oct,

day = "26",

doi = "10.1098/rstb.2019.0513",

language = "English",

volume = "375",

journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences",

issn = "0962-8436",

publisher = "Royal Society of London",

number = "1810",

}

Ramonet, M, Ciais, P, Apadula, F, Bartyzel, J, Bastos, A, Bergamaschi, P, Blanc, PE, Brunner, D, Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo, L, Calzolari, F, Chen, H, Chmura, L, Colomb, A, Conil, S, Cristofanelli, P, Cuevas, E, Curcoll, R, Delmotte, M, Di Sarra, A, Emmenegger, L, Forster, G, Frumau, A, Gerbig, C, Gheusi, F, Hammer, S, Haszpra, L, Hatakka, J, Hazan, L, Heliasz, M, Henne, S, Hensen, A, Hermansen, O, Keronen, P, Kivi, R, Komínková, K, Kubistin, D, Laurent, O, Laurila, T, Lavric, JV, Lehner, I, Lehtinen, KEJ, Leskinen, A, Leuenberger, M, Levin, I, Lindauer, M, Lopez, M, Myhre, CL, Mammarella, I, Manca, G, Manning, A, Marek, MV, Marklund, P, Martin, D, Meinhardt, F, Mihalopoulos, N, Mölder, M, Morgui, JA, Necki, J, O'Doherty, S, O'Dowd, C, Ottosson, M, Philippon, C, Piacentino, S, Pichon, JM, Plass-Duelmer, C, Resovsky, A, Rivier, L, Rodó, X, Sha, MK, Scheeren, HA, Sferlazzo, D, Spain, TG, Stanley, KM, Steinbacher, M, Trisolino, P, Vermeulen, A, Vítková, G, Weyrauch, D, Xueref-Remy, I, Yala, K & Yver Kwok, C 2020, 'The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements: Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 375, no. 1810, 20190513. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0513

TY - JOUR

T1 - The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements

T2 - Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly

AU - Ramonet, M.

AU - Ciais, P.

AU - Apadula, F.

AU - Bartyzel, J.

AU - Bastos, A.

AU - Bergamaschi, P.

AU - Blanc, P.E.

AU - Brunner, D.

AU - Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo, L.

AU - Calzolari, F.

AU - Chen, H.

AU - Chmura, L.

AU - Colomb, A.

AU - Conil, S.

AU - Cristofanelli, P.

AU - Cuevas, E.

AU - Curcoll, R.

AU - Delmotte, M.

AU - Di Sarra, A.

AU - Emmenegger, L.

AU - Forster, G.

AU - Frumau, A.

AU - Gerbig, C.

AU - Gheusi, F.

AU - Hammer, S.

AU - Haszpra, L.

AU - Hatakka, J.

AU - Hazan, L.

AU - Heliasz, M.

AU - Henne, S.

AU - Hensen, A.

AU - Hermansen, O.

AU - Keronen, P.

AU - Kivi, R.

AU - Komínková, K.

AU - Kubistin, D.

AU - Laurent, O.

AU - Laurila, T.

AU - Lavric, J.V.

AU - Lehner, I.

AU - Lehtinen, K.E.J.

AU - Leskinen, A.

AU - Leuenberger, M.

AU - Levin, I.

AU - Lindauer, M.

AU - Lopez, M.

AU - Myhre, C. Lund

AU - Mammarella, I.

AU - Manca, G.

AU - Manning, A.

AU - Marek, M.V.

AU - Marklund, P.

AU - Martin, D.

AU - Meinhardt, F.

AU - Mihalopoulos, N.

AU - Mölder, M.

AU - Morgui, J.A.

AU - Necki, J.

AU - O'Doherty, S.

AU - O'Dowd, C.

AU - Ottosson, M.

AU - Philippon, C.

AU - Piacentino, S.

AU - Pichon, J.M.

AU - Plass-Duelmer, C.

AU - Resovsky, A.

AU - Rivier, L.

AU - Rodó, X.

AU - Sha, M.K.

AU - Scheeren, H.A.

AU - Sferlazzo, D.

AU - Spain, T.G.

AU - Stanley, K.M.

AU - Steinbacher, M.

AU - Trisolino, P.

AU - Vermeulen, A.

AU - Vítková, G.

AU - Weyrauch, D.

AU - Xueref-Remy, I.

AU - Yala, K.

AU - Yver Kwok, C.

PY - 2020/10/26

Y1 - 2020/10/26

N2 - During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO 2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO 2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO 2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO 2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO 2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO 2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.

AB - During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO 2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO 2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO 2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO 2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO 2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO 2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089192265&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1098/rstb.2019.0513

DO - 10.1098/rstb.2019.0513

M3 - Article

SN - 0962-8436

VL - 375

JO - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

IS - 1810

M1 - 20190513

ER -

The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements: Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly

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