TY - JOUR
T1 - The genetic and environmental etiology of child maltreatment in a parent-based extended family design
AU - Pittner, Katharina
AU - Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.
AU - Alink, Lenneke R.A.
AU - Buisman, Renate S.M.
AU - Compier-De Block, Laura H.C.G.C.
AU - Van Den Berg, Lisa J.M.
AU - Elzinga, Bernet M.
AU - Lindenberg, Jolanda
AU - Tollenaar, Marieke S.
AU - Diego, Vincent P.
AU - Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.
N1 - Special Issue 1: The effect of maltreatment experiences on maltreating and dysfunctional parenting: A search for mechanisms
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Child maltreatment has been associated with various cumulative risk factors. However, little is known about the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences between parents in perpetrating child maltreatment. To estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to perpetrating maltreatment we used a parent-based extended family design. Child-reported perpetrated maltreatment was available for 556 parents (283 women) from 63 families. To explore reporter effects (i.e., child perspective on maltreatment), child reports were compared to multi-informant reports. Based on polygenic model analyses, most of the variance related to the perpetration of physical abuse and emotional neglect was explained by common environmental factors (physical abuse: c 2 = 59%, SE = 12%, p =.006; emotional neglect: c 2 = 47%, SE = 8%, p <.001) whereas genetic factors did not significantly contribute to the model. For perpetrated emotional abuse, in contrast, genetic factors did significantly contribute to perpetrated emotional abuse (h 2 = 33%, SE = 8%, p <.001), whereas common environment factors did not. Multi-informant reports led to similar estimates of genetic and common environmental effects on all measures except for emotional abuse, where a multi-informant approach yielded higher estimates of the common environmental effects. Overall, estimates of unique environment, including measurement error, were lower using multi-informant reports. In conclusion, our findings suggest that genetic pathways play a significant role in perpetrating emotional abuse, while physical abuse and emotional neglect are transmitted primarily through common environmental factors. These findings imply that interventions may need to target different mechanisms dependings on maltreatment type.
AB - Child maltreatment has been associated with various cumulative risk factors. However, little is known about the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences between parents in perpetrating child maltreatment. To estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to perpetrating maltreatment we used a parent-based extended family design. Child-reported perpetrated maltreatment was available for 556 parents (283 women) from 63 families. To explore reporter effects (i.e., child perspective on maltreatment), child reports were compared to multi-informant reports. Based on polygenic model analyses, most of the variance related to the perpetration of physical abuse and emotional neglect was explained by common environmental factors (physical abuse: c 2 = 59%, SE = 12%, p =.006; emotional neglect: c 2 = 47%, SE = 8%, p <.001) whereas genetic factors did not significantly contribute to the model. For perpetrated emotional abuse, in contrast, genetic factors did significantly contribute to perpetrated emotional abuse (h 2 = 33%, SE = 8%, p <.001), whereas common environment factors did not. Multi-informant reports led to similar estimates of genetic and common environmental effects on all measures except for emotional abuse, where a multi-informant approach yielded higher estimates of the common environmental effects. Overall, estimates of unique environment, including measurement error, were lower using multi-informant reports. In conclusion, our findings suggest that genetic pathways play a significant role in perpetrating emotional abuse, while physical abuse and emotional neglect are transmitted primarily through common environmental factors. These findings imply that interventions may need to target different mechanisms dependings on maltreatment type.
KW - child maltreatment
KW - common environmental factors
KW - extended family design
KW - genetic factors
KW - passive gene-environment correlation
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U2 - 10.1017/S0954579418001608
DO - 10.1017/S0954579418001608
M3 - Article
C2 - 30757990
AN - SCOPUS:85061515843
VL - 31
SP - 157
EP - 172
JO - Development and Psychopathology
JF - Development and Psychopathology
SN - 0954-5794
IS - 1
ER -