The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case

Parameswaran Ajith; Pau Amaro Seoane; Manuel Arca Sedda; Riccardo Arcodia; Francesca Badaracco; Biswajit Banerjee; Enis Belgacem; Giovanni Benetti; Stefano Benetti; Alexey Bobrick; Alessandro Bonforte; Elisa Bortolas; Valentina Braito; Marica Branchesi; Adam Burrows; Enrico Cappellaro; Roberto Della Ceca; Chandrachur Chakraborty; Shreevathsa Chalathadka Subrahmanya; Michael W. Coughlin; Stefano Covino; Andrea Derdzinski; Aayushi Doshi; Maurizio Falanga; Stefano Foffa; Alessia Franchini; Alessandro Frigeri; Yoshifumi Futaana; Oliver Gerberding; Kiranjyot Gill; Matteo Di Giovanni; Ines Francesca Giudice; Margherita Giustini; Philipp Gläser; Jan Harms; Joris van Heijningen; Francesco Iacovelli; Bradley J. Kavanagh; Taichi Kawamura; Arun Kenath; Elisabeth Adelheid Keppler; Chiaki Kobayashi; Goro Komatsu; Valeriya Korol; N. V. Krishnendu; Prayush Kumar; Francesco Longo; Michele Maggiore; Michele Mancarella; Andrea Maselli; Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti; Francesco Mazzarini; Andrea Melandri; Daniele Melini; Sabrina Menina; Giovanni Miniutti; Deeshani Mitra; Javier Morán-Fraile; Suvodip Mukherjee; Niccolò Muttoni; Marco Olivieri; Francesca Onori; Maria Alessandra Papa; Ferdinando Patat; Andrea Perali; Tsvi Piran; Silvia Piranomonte; Alberto Roper Pol; Masroor C. Pookkillath; R. Prasad; Vaishak Prasad; Alessandra De Rosa; Sourav Roy Chowdhury; Roberto Serafinelli; Alberto Sesana; Paola Severgnini; Angela Stallone; Jacopo Tissino; Hrvoje Tkalčić; Lina Tomasella; Martina Toscani; David Vartanyan; Cristian Vignali; Lucia Zaccarelli; Morgane Zeoli; Luciano Zuccarello

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108

The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case

Parameswaran Ajith
, Pau Amaro Seoane
, Manuel Arca Sedda
, Riccardo Arcodia
, Francesca Badaracco
, Biswajit Banerjee
, Enis Belgacem
, Giovanni Benetti
, Stefano Benetti
, Alexey Bobrick
, Alessandro Bonforte
, Elisa Bortolas
, Valentina Braito
, Marica Branchesi
, Adam Burrows
, Enrico Cappellaro
, Roberto Della Ceca
, Chandrachur Chakraborty
, Shreevathsa Chalathadka Subrahmanya
, Michael W. Coughlin

Stefano Covino, Andrea Derdzinski, Aayushi Doshi, Maurizio Falanga, Stefano Foffa, Alessia Franchini, Alessandro Frigeri, Yoshifumi Futaana, Oliver Gerberding, Kiranjyot Gill, Matteo Di Giovanni, Ines Francesca Giudice, Margherita Giustini, Philipp Gläser, Jan Harms^*, Joris van Heijningen, Francesco Iacovelli, Bradley J. Kavanagh, Taichi Kawamura, Arun Kenath, Elisabeth Adelheid Keppler, Chiaki Kobayashi, Goro Komatsu, Valeriya Korol, N. V. Krishnendu, Prayush Kumar, Francesco Longo, Michele Maggiore, Michele Mancarella, Andrea Maselli, Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti, Francesco Mazzarini, Andrea Melandri, Daniele Melini, Sabrina Menina, Giovanni Miniutti, Deeshani Mitra, Javier Morán-Fraile, Suvodip Mukherjee, Niccolò Muttoni, Marco Olivieri, Francesca Onori, Maria Alessandra Papa, Ferdinando Patat, Andrea Perali, Tsvi Piran, Silvia Piranomonte, Alberto Roper Pol, Masroor C. Pookkillath, R. Prasad, Vaishak Prasad, Alessandra De Rosa, Sourav Roy Chowdhury, Roberto Serafinelli, Alberto Sesana, Paola Severgnini, Angela Stallone, Jacopo Tissino, Hrvoje Tkalčić, Lina Tomasella, Martina Toscani, David Vartanyan, Cristian Vignali, Lucia Zaccarelli, Morgane Zeoli, Luciano Zuccarello

^*Corresponding author for this work

(Astro)-Particles Physics

Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission.

Original language	English
Article number	108
Pages (from-to)	1-165
Number of pages	167
Journal	Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Volume	2025
Issue number	1
Early online date	28 Jan 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108
Publication status	Published - Jan 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s)

Funding

Funders	Funder number
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Fondation Merac
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
European Commission
theDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of India
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
RDC
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca	2022-Z9X4XS, 2020KB33TP, AMX-22-CEI-02
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	390833306
Space Telescope Science Institute	NAS5-26555
Comunidad de Madrid	2022-5A/TIC-24235
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS	T.0022.22
FARE 2020 scheme	R203NMYZJ5
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India	RTI4001
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz	50OQ2302, 1.05.01.85.10
Fondazione Cariplo	2021-0555
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung	CRSII5_213497, 182044, 200020_191957
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	865932-ERC-SNeX
European Union’s H2020 ERC	MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103, 818691, PID2020-115325GB-C31
National Science Foundation	PHY-2010970, PHY-2117997
???publication-publication-funding-organisation-not-added???	ST/Y001443/1
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions	101025436
European Union’s Horizon 2020research and innovation programme	895174
European Research Council	945155-GWmining

Keywords

gravitational wave detectors
gravitational waves / sources

Access to Document

10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108Licence: CC BY

Persistent URL (handle)

Persistent link

Cite this

Ajith, P., Seoane, P. A., Sedda, M. A., Arcodia, R., Badaracco, F., Banerjee, B., Belgacem, E., Benetti, G., Benetti, S., Bobrick, A., Bonforte, A., Bortolas, E., Braito, V., Branchesi, M., Burrows, A., Cappellaro, E., Ceca, R. D., Chakraborty, C., Subrahmanya, S. C., ... Zuccarello, L. (2025). The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2025(1), 1-165. Article 108. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108

@article{29cc300b7fc840428feb12be80c6a56e,

title = "The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case",

abstract = "The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission.",

keywords = "gravitational wave detectors, gravitational waves / sources",

author = "Parameswaran Ajith and Seoane, \{Pau Amaro\} and Sedda, \{Manuel Arca\} and Riccardo Arcodia and Francesca Badaracco and Biswajit Banerjee and Enis Belgacem and Giovanni Benetti and Stefano Benetti and Alexey Bobrick and Alessandro Bonforte and Elisa Bortolas and Valentina Braito and Marica Branchesi and Adam Burrows and Enrico Cappellaro and Ceca, \{Roberto Della\} and Chandrachur Chakraborty and Subrahmanya, \{Shreevathsa Chalathadka\} and Coughlin, \{Michael W.\} and Stefano Covino and Andrea Derdzinski and Aayushi Doshi and Maurizio Falanga and Stefano Foffa and Alessia Franchini and Alessandro Frigeri and Yoshifumi Futaana and Oliver Gerberding and Kiranjyot Gill and Giovanni, \{Matteo Di\} and Giudice, \{Ines Francesca\} and Margherita Giustini and Philipp Gl{\"a}ser and Jan Harms and \{van Heijningen\}, Joris and Francesco Iacovelli and Kavanagh, \{Bradley J.\} and Taichi Kawamura and Arun Kenath and Keppler, \{Elisabeth Adelheid\} and Chiaki Kobayashi and Goro Komatsu and Valeriya Korol and Krishnendu, \{N. V.\} and Prayush Kumar and Francesco Longo and Michele Maggiore and Michele Mancarella and Andrea Maselli and Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti and Francesco Mazzarini and Andrea Melandri and Daniele Melini and Sabrina Menina and Giovanni Miniutti and Deeshani Mitra and Javier Mor{\'a}n-Fraile and Suvodip Mukherjee and Niccol{\`o} Muttoni and Marco Olivieri and Francesca Onori and Papa, \{Maria Alessandra\} and Ferdinando Patat and Andrea Perali and Tsvi Piran and Silvia Piranomonte and Pol, \{Alberto Roper\} and Pookkillath, \{Masroor C.\} and R. Prasad and Vaishak Prasad and Rosa, \{Alessandra De\} and Chowdhury, \{Sourav Roy\} and Roberto Serafinelli and Alberto Sesana and Paola Severgnini and Angela Stallone and Jacopo Tissino and Hrvoje Tkal{\v c}i{\'c} and Lina Tomasella and Martina Toscani and David Vartanyan and Cristian Vignali and Lucia Zaccarelli and Morgane Zeoli and Luciano Zuccarello",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s)",

year = "2025",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108",

language = "English",

volume = "2025",

pages = "1--165",

journal = "Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "1475-7516",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

Ajith, P, Seoane, PA, Sedda, MA, Arcodia, R, Badaracco, F, Banerjee, B, Belgacem, E, Benetti, G, Benetti, S, Bobrick, A, Bonforte, A, Bortolas, E, Braito, V, Branchesi, M, Burrows, A, Cappellaro, E, Ceca, RD, Chakraborty, C, Subrahmanya, SC, Coughlin, MW, Covino, S, Derdzinski, A, Doshi, A, Falanga, M, Foffa, S, Franchini, A, Frigeri, A, Futaana, Y, Gerberding, O, Gill, K, Giovanni, MD, Giudice, IF, Giustini, M, Gläser, P, Harms, J, van Heijningen, J, Iacovelli, F, Kavanagh, BJ, Kawamura, T, Kenath, A, Keppler, EA, Kobayashi, C, Komatsu, G, Korol, V, Krishnendu, NV, Kumar, P, Longo, F, Maggiore, M, Mancarella, M, Maselli, A, Mastrobuono-Battisti, A, Mazzarini, F, Melandri, A, Melini, D, Menina, S, Miniutti, G, Mitra, D, Morán-Fraile, J, Mukherjee, S, Muttoni, N, Olivieri, M, Onori, F, Papa, MA, Patat, F, Perali, A, Piran, T, Piranomonte, S, Pol, AR, Pookkillath, MC, Prasad, R, Prasad, V, Rosa, AD, Chowdhury, SR, Serafinelli, R, Sesana, A, Severgnini, P, Stallone, A, Tissino, J, Tkalčić, H, Tomasella, L, Toscani, M, Vartanyan, D, Vignali, C, Zaccarelli, L, Zeoli, M & Zuccarello, L 2025, 'The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case', Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 2025, no. 1, 108, pp. 1-165. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case

AU - Ajith, Parameswaran

AU - Seoane, Pau Amaro

AU - Sedda, Manuel Arca

AU - Arcodia, Riccardo

AU - Badaracco, Francesca

AU - Banerjee, Biswajit

AU - Belgacem, Enis

AU - Benetti, Giovanni

AU - Benetti, Stefano

AU - Bobrick, Alexey

AU - Bonforte, Alessandro

AU - Bortolas, Elisa

AU - Braito, Valentina

AU - Branchesi, Marica

AU - Burrows, Adam

AU - Cappellaro, Enrico

AU - Ceca, Roberto Della

AU - Chakraborty, Chandrachur

AU - Subrahmanya, Shreevathsa Chalathadka

AU - Coughlin, Michael W.

AU - Covino, Stefano

AU - Derdzinski, Andrea

AU - Doshi, Aayushi

AU - Falanga, Maurizio

AU - Foffa, Stefano

AU - Franchini, Alessia

AU - Frigeri, Alessandro

AU - Futaana, Yoshifumi

AU - Gerberding, Oliver

AU - Gill, Kiranjyot

AU - Giovanni, Matteo Di

AU - Giudice, Ines Francesca

AU - Giustini, Margherita

AU - Gläser, Philipp

AU - Harms, Jan

AU - van Heijningen, Joris

AU - Iacovelli, Francesco

AU - Kavanagh, Bradley J.

AU - Kawamura, Taichi

AU - Kenath, Arun

AU - Keppler, Elisabeth Adelheid

AU - Kobayashi, Chiaki

AU - Komatsu, Goro

AU - Korol, Valeriya

AU - Krishnendu, N. V.

AU - Kumar, Prayush

AU - Longo, Francesco

AU - Maggiore, Michele

AU - Mancarella, Michele

AU - Maselli, Andrea

AU - Mastrobuono-Battisti, Alessandra

AU - Mazzarini, Francesco

AU - Melandri, Andrea

AU - Melini, Daniele

AU - Menina, Sabrina

AU - Miniutti, Giovanni

AU - Mitra, Deeshani

AU - Morán-Fraile, Javier

AU - Mukherjee, Suvodip

AU - Muttoni, Niccolò

AU - Olivieri, Marco

AU - Onori, Francesca

AU - Papa, Maria Alessandra

AU - Patat, Ferdinando

AU - Perali, Andrea

AU - Piran, Tsvi

AU - Piranomonte, Silvia

AU - Pol, Alberto Roper

AU - Pookkillath, Masroor C.

AU - Prasad, R.

AU - Prasad, Vaishak

AU - Rosa, Alessandra De

AU - Chowdhury, Sourav Roy

AU - Serafinelli, Roberto

AU - Sesana, Alberto

AU - Severgnini, Paola

AU - Stallone, Angela

AU - Tissino, Jacopo

AU - Tkalčić, Hrvoje

AU - Tomasella, Lina

AU - Toscani, Martina

AU - Vartanyan, David

AU - Vignali, Cristian

AU - Zaccarelli, Lucia

AU - Zeoli, Morgane

AU - Zuccarello, Luciano

PY - 2025/1

Y1 - 2025/1

N2 - The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission.

AB - The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission.

KW - gravitational wave detectors

KW - gravitational waves / sources

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217886740

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217886740#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108

DO - 10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85217886740

SN - 1475-7516

VL - 2025

SP - 1

EP - 165

JO - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

JF - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

IS - 1

M1 - 108

ER -

The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Persistent URL (handle)

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this